ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
3D observations provide striking findings in rubber elasticity.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-speed X-ray tomography for 4D imaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Enabling three-dimensional architected materials across length scales and timescales.Nature materials · 2025Review
- Local volume changes in deformed elastomers with mobile chains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- 3D observations provide striking findings in rubber elasticity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
The mechanical response of rubbers has been ubiquitously assumed to be only a function of the imposed strain. Using innovative X-ray measurements capturing the three-dimensional spatial volumetric strain fields, we demonstrate that rubbers and indeed many common engineering polymers undergo significant local volume changes. But remarkably, the overall specimen volume remains constant regardless of the imposed loading. This strange behavior which also leads to apparent negative local bulk moduli is due to the presence of a mobile phase within these materials. Combining X-ray tomographic observations with high-speed radiography to track the motion of the mobile phase, we have revised classical thermodynamic frameworks of rubber elasticity. The work opens broad avenues to understand not only the mechanical behavior of rubbers but a large class of widely used engineering polymers.
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