ArticlePloS one2024
Association of multidrug-resistant bacteria and clinical outcomes in patients with infected diabetic foot in a Peruvian hospital: A retrospective cohort analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk Factors for Foot-Related Hospitalisations in Adults With and Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Diabetic Foot Infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (1980-2025).International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) in a Peruvian hospital. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated patients treated in the Diabetic Foot Unit of a General Hospital in Lima, Peru. MDRB was defined by resistance to more than two pharmacological groups across six clinically significant genera. The primary outcome was death due to DFI complications and/or major amputation. Other outcomes included minor amputation, hospitalization, and a hospital stay longer than 14 days. Relative risks were estimated using Poisson regression for all outcomes.
resultsThe study included 192 DFI patients with a mean age of 59.9 years; 74% were males. A total of 80.8% exhibited MDRB. The primary outcome had an incidence rate of 23.2% and 5.4% in patients with and without MDRB, respectively (p = 0.01). After adjusting for sex, age, bone involvement, severe infection, ischemia, diabetes duration, and glycosylated hemoglobin, MDRB showed no association with the primary outcome (RR 3.29; 95% CI, 0.77-13.9), but did with hospitalization longer than 14 days (RR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.98).
conclusionsOur study found no association between MDRB and increased mortality and/or major amputation due to DFI complications, but did find a correlation with prolonged hospitalization. The high proportion of MDRB could limit the demonstration of the relationship. It is urgent to apply continuous evaluation of bacterial resistance, implement a rational plan for antibiotic use, and maintain biosafety to confront this threat.
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