Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38831706›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2024

Testing Quantitative and Qualitative Sex Effects in a National Swedish Twin-Sibling Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Ananda B Amstadter, Sara L Lönn, Shannon Cusack, Jan Sundquist, Kenneth S Kendler, Kristina Sundquist

Abstract readTwin Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Deletion ofFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Deletion ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Rat Models in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Research: Strengths, Limitations, and Implications for Translational Studies.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024
    Review
  9. Genetic influences on testosterone and PTSD.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ananda B AmstadterVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Amstadter, Cusack, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Lönn, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist).
Sara L LönnVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Amstadter, Cusack, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Lönn, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist).
Shannon CusackVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Amstadter, Cusack, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Lönn, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist).
Jan SundquistVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Amstadter, Cusack, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Lönn, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist).
Kenneth S KendlerVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Amstadter, Cusack, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Lönn, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist).
Kristina SundquistVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Amstadter, Cusack, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Lönn, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist); Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist).

Funding

Social, Developmental and Genetic Epidemiology of Alcohol Use DisordersR01AA023534 · NIAAA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENDLER, KENNETH SEEDMAN, SUNDQUIST, KRISTINA · 2015 to 2023
$4.0M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA023534
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTwin studies have demonstrated that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is moderately heritable, and the pattern of findings across studies suggests higher heritability in females compared with males. Formal testing of sex differences has yet to be done in twin studies of PTSD. The authors sought to estimate the genetic and environmental contributions to PTSD, and to formally test for sex differences, in the largest sample to date of both sexes, among twins and siblings.

methodsUsing the Swedish National Registries, the authors performed structural equation modeling to decompose genetic and environmental variance for PTSD and to formally test for quantitative and qualitative sex differences in twins (16,242 pairs) and in full siblings within 2 years of age of each other (376,093 pairs), using diagnostic codes from medical registries.

resultsThe best-fit model suggested that additive genetic and unique environmental effects contributed to PTSD. Evidence for a quantitative sex effect was found, such that heritability was significantly greater in females (35.4%) than males (28.6%). Evidence of a qualitative sex effect was found, such that the genetic correlation was high but less than complete (r

conclusionsThis is the first demonstration of quantitative and qualitative sex effects for PTSD. The results suggest that unique environmental effects, but not the shared environment, contributed to PTSD and that genetic influences for the disorder are stronger in females compared with males. Although the heritability is highly correlated, it is not at unity between the sexes.

Indexed as

RegistriesSiblingsStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultDiseases in TwinsFemaleGene-Environment InteractionHumansMaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsSwedenTwinsTwins, MonozygoticGenetics/GenomicsPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)Stress

Identifiers

PMID38831706
PMCPMC11917454

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.