SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2024
Pseudarthrosis risk factors in lumbar fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vitamin D Status and Supplementation in Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2026Pooled it
- Timing Matters: Preoperative Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection and Long-Term Outcomes Following Single-Level Posterior Lumbar Fusion.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Investigating the Relationship Between Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Postoperative Complications Following Single-Level Lumbar Fusion: A Propensity Matched Analysis.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Association of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with postoperative outcomes following surgery for degenerative lumbar spine disease.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy is Associated With Increased Risk of Pseudarthrosis After Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Propensity Matched Analysis.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Posterior Lumbar Fusion Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Incidence and predictors of early and late reoperation after primary lumbar spine fusion: a 10-year retrospective cohort study of 1,356 patients.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Absence of bone marrow edema on early postoperative MRI predicts fusion outcome after single-level lumbar interbody fusion.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Factors associated with implant failure in anterior cervical plating: retrospective analysis from a large cohort study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- Osteoporosis and osteoporosis therapies as determinants of implant fixation failure in arthroplasty and spinal fusion constructs: a position statement from the Fracture Working Group of the Council of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Comparable Fusion Response, but Increased Inflammatory Response, withJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Investigating the Relationship Between High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Fusion Outcomes Following Single Level Lumbar Fusion: A Propensity Matched Analysis.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Impact of nonunion on patient-related outcomes after single level minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative disease: A propensity score-matched analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Do GLP-1 agonists affect perioperative risk in spine surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Review
- Proton pump inhibitors are associated with increased risk of pseudoarthrosis after lumbar fusion.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Osteointegration and Fusion After TLIF: Trabecular Titanium Cage with SVF-Hydrogel Compared with PEEK Cage.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Article
- Does Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Reduce Mechanical Complication and Pseudarthrosis Rate at the Lumbosacral Junction in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery in Comparison to Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion?International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
- Spinoplastic Surgery: A Review of Techniques, Indications, and Optimal Patient Selection.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- The Future of Motion Preservation and Arthroplasty in the Degenerative Lumbar Spine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study presents a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of pseudarthrosis risk factors following lumbar fusion procedures. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used for outcome measurements. The objective of this study was to identify the independent risk factors for pseudarthrosis after lumbar spinal fusion, which is crucial for mitigating morbidity and reoperation. Systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus (1990-July 2021) were conducted using specific terms. The inclusion criteria included prospective and retrospective cohorts and case‒control series reporting ORs with 95% CIs from multivariate analysis. The quality assessment utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis, employing OR and 95% CI, assessed pseudarthrosis risk factors in lumbar fusion surgery, depicted in a forest plot. Of the 568 abstracts identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria (9 retrospective, 2006-2021). The 17 risk factors were categorized into clinical, radiographic, surgical, and bone turnover marker factors. The meta-analysis highlighted two significant clinical risk factors: age (95% CI 1.02-1.11; p = 0.005) and smoking (95% CI 1.68-5.44; p = 0.0002). The sole significant surgical risk factor was the number of fused levels (pooled OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.17-1.55; p < 0.0001). This study identified 17 risk factors for pseudarthrosis after lumbar fusion surgery, emphasizing age, smoking status, and the number of fusion levels. Prospective studies are warranted to explore additional risk factors and assess the impact of surgery and graft type.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.