Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38831250›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2024

How Healthcare Providers Decide on a Referral Location in Telephone Triage: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aaron J Fried, Christine Gladman, Darren A DeWalt

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Aaron J FriedDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. ajfried25@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-1081-5508
Christine GladmanDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Darren A DeWaltDepartment of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundApproximately 25% of patients that present to the emergency department (ED) do so after contact with a healthcare professional. Many of these patients could be effectively managed in non-ED ambulatory settings. Aligning patients with safe and appropriate outpatient care has the potential to improve ED overcrowding, patient experience, outcomes, and costs. Little is understood about how healthcare providers approach triage decision-making and what factors influence their choices.

objectivesTo evaluate how providers think about patient triage, and what factors influence their decision-making when triaging patient calls.

designCross-sectional survey-based study in which participants make triage decisions for hypothetical clinical scenarios.

participantsHealthcare providers in the specialties of internal medicine, family medicine, or emergency medicine within a large integrated healthcare system in the Southeast. MAIN MEASURES: Differences in individual training and practice characteristics were used to compare observed differences in triage outcomes. Free-response data were evaluated to identify themes and factors affecting triage decisions. KEY

resultsOut of 72 total participants, substantial variability in triage decision-making was observed among all patient cases. Attending physicians triaged 1.4 fewer cases to ED care compared with resident physicians (p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.62-2.1). Academic attendings demonstrated a trend toward fewer cases to ED care compared with community attendings (0.61, p = 0.188, 95% CI - 0.31-1.5). Qualitative data highlighted the complex considerations in provider triage and led to the development of a novel conceptual model to describe the cognitive triage process and the main influencing factors.

conclusionsTriage decision-making for healthcare providers is influenced by many factors related to clinical resources, care coordination, patient factors, and clinician factors. The complex considerations involved yield variability in triage decisions that is largely unexplained by descriptive physician factors.

Indexed as

Referral and ConsultationTriageAdultClinical Decision-MakingCross-Sectional StudiesDecision MakingEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansMaleMiddle AgedTelephoneclinical decision-makingemergency department overcrowdingoutpatient resourcestriage

Identifiers

PMID38831250
PMCPMC11576707

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.