ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Ionizing radiation exposure on Arrokoth shapes a sugar world.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ionic Liquid Biospheres.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Abiotic sugar enantiomers in the CI carbonaceous chondrite Orgueil.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Detection of a four-carbon sugar in interstellar space.Nature astronomy · 2026Article
- Missing interstellar sulfur in inventories of polysulfanes and molecular octasulfur crowns.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Kuiper Belt object (KBO) Arrokoth, the farthest object in the Solar System ever visited by a spacecraft, possesses a distinctive reddish surface and is characterized by pronounced spectroscopic features associated with methanol. However, the fundamental processes by which methanol ices are converted into reddish, complex organic molecules on Arrokoth's surface have remained elusive. Here, we combine laboratory simulation experiments with a spectroscopic characterization of methanol ices exposed to proxies of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). Our findings reveal that the surface exposure of methanol ices at 40 K can replicate the color slopes of Arrokoth. Sugars and their derivatives (acids, alcohols) with up to six carbon atoms, including glucose and ribose-fundamental building block of RNA-were ubiquitously identified. In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with up to six ring units (
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