ReviewInfection and immunity2024
Macrophage fate: to kill or not to kill?
Review in Infection and immunity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Commensal microbiota-coated biohybrid implants induce antibiofilm, osteogenic, and immunomodulatory responses in a human 3D immunocompetent model.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Fibrin-rich environment drives catheter-associated UTIs by suppressing macrophage defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Are Sputum High Mobility Group Box 1 and D-Dimer Changes Relevant Markers of Tissue Damage and Fibrinolysis in Cystic Fibrosis?Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Article
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- Macrophage Extracellular Traps in the Oral Mucosa: Autoimmune Disease and Platelet-Derived Epithelial Modulation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the dual role of extracellular vesicles in coagulation and immune modulation in glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative transcriptomic profiling of human conjunctival epithelial cells and macrophages in response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Targeting Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: An Updated Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- Polarizing macrophages derived from human THP-1 cells in vitro: methods and protocols.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Stabilin-1 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer Immunotherapy.Biology · 2025Review
- M1 Macrophage Extracellular Vesicles and TLR3 Agonist Nanoparticles Down-Regulate Immunosuppression and Metastasis via AKT/TAM in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2025Article
- Role of Clot Formation and Plasminogen Activation in Lower Urinary Tract Pathologies.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Review
- Bacteroides Fragilis Exacerbates T2D Vascular Calcification by Secreting Extracellular Vesicles to Induce M2 Macrophages.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Type I interferons in bacterial diseases: myeloid cells at the crossroads of protection and pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Krüppel-like factor 4 control of immune cell function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of macrophages in vascular calcification: strategies for diagnosis and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are dynamic innate immune cells that either reside in tissue, serving as sentinels, or recruited as monocytes from bone marrow into inflamed and infected tissue. In response to cues in the tissue microenvironment (TME), macrophages polarize on a continuum toward M1 or M2 with diverse roles in progression and resolution of disease. M1-like macrophages exhibit proinflammatory functions with antimicrobial and anti-tumorigenic activities, while M2-like macrophages have anti-inflammatory functions that generally resolve inflammatory responses and orchestrate a tissue healing process. Given these opposite phenotypes, proper spatiotemporal coordination of macrophage polarization in response to cues within the TME is critical to effectively resolve infectious disease and regulate wound healing. However, if this spatiotemporal coordination becomes disrupted due to persistent infection or dysregulated coagulation, macrophages' inappropriate response to these cues will result in the development of diseases with clinically unfavorable outcomes. Since plasticity and heterogeneity are hallmarks of macrophages, they are attractive targets for therapies to reprogram toward specific phenotypes that could resolve disease and favor clinical prognosis. In this review, we discuss how basic science studies have elucidated macrophage polarization mechanisms in TMEs during infections and inflammation, particularly coagulation. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of macrophage polarization within TMEs in diseases is important in further development of targeted therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.