Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38827978›Full record

ArticleJCPP advances2024

Trajectories of adaptive functioning from early childhood to adolescence in autism: Identifying turning points and key correlates of chronogeneity.

Yun-Ju Chen, Eric Duku, Peter Szatmari, Mackenzie Salt, Isabel Smith, Annie Richard, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Tracy Vaillancourt, Anat Zaidman-Zait, Terry Bennett and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JCPP advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Eye Tracking as a Treatment Monitoring Tool for Autism: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Heterogeneity of Response to Early Start Denver Model: Identifying Developmental Trajectories and Predictors of Cognitive Outcomes.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  3. Limited Discrepancy Between Cognitive Ability and Daily Living Skills in Autism: A Longitudinal Study From Ages 2-25.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yun-Ju ChenMcMaster University Hamilton ON Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0659-2110
Eric DukuMcMaster University Hamilton ON Canada.
Peter SzatmariCentre for Addiction and Mental Health The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada.
Mackenzie SaltMcMaster University Hamilton ON Canada.
Isabel SmithDalhousie University Halifax NS Canada.
Annie RichardAutism Research Centre IWK Health Centre Halifax NS Canada.
Lonnie ZwaigenbaumUniversity of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-0799
Tracy VaillancourtUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada.
Anat Zaidman-ZaitTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-5147
Terry BennettMcMaster University Hamilton ON Canada.
Mayada ElsabbaghMcGill University Montreal QC Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-9059
Connor KernsUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-8329
Stelios GeorgiadesMcMaster University Hamilton ON Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Previous research has demonstrated heterogeneous adaptive outcomes across the autism spectrum; however, the current literature remains limited in elucidating turning points and associated factors for longitudinal variability (chronogeneity). To address these empirical gaps, we aimed to provide a finer-grained characterization of trajectories of adaptive functioning from early childhood to adolescence in autism. Methods: Our sample ( Results: Piecewise latent growth models best described VABS trajectories with two turning points identified at around ages 5-6 and 9-10, respectively reflecting transitions into school age and early adolescence. We parsed four VABS trajectory subgroups that vary by level of functioning and change rate for certain domains and periods. Around 16% of the sample exhibited overall adequate functioning (standard score >85) with notable early growth and social adaptation during adolescence. About 21% showed low adaptive functioning (standard score ≤70), with decreasing slopes by age 6 followed by improvements in communication and daily-living skills by age 10. The other two subgroups (63% in total) were characterized by adaptive functioning between low and adequate levels, with relatively stable trajectories entering school age. These subgroups differed most in their cognitive ability at diagnosis, household income, and social participation in adolescence. Conclusions: We identified key individual and family characteristics and time windows associated with distinct adaptive functioning trajectories, which have important implications for providing timely and tailored supports to Autistic people across developmental stages.

Indexed as

adaptive functioningautismdevelopmentlongitudinal studies

Identifiers

PMID38827978
PMCPMC11143958

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.