ArticleOphthalmology science
Inversion of Asymmetric Vortex Vein Dilatation in Pachychoroid Spectrum Diseases.
Article in Ophthalmology science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Choroidal vascular biomarkers for macular neovascularization in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: insights from widefield indocyanine green angiography.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- A deep learning-based pachychoroid index based on choroidal image patterns of central serous chorioretinopathy using enhanced-depth-imaging optical coherence tomography.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Five-Year Changes in Pachydrusen with Late-Phase Hyperfluorescence on Indocyanine Green Angiography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between Choroidal Vascular Hyperpermeability and Vortex Vein Anastomoses in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Choroidal blood flow velocity and resistance in inferior posterior staphyloma using a novel superpixel technique in laser speckle flowgraphy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Imaging in Pachychoroid DiseaseTurkish journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Intervortex venous anastomosis is widely recognized as compensating for vortex vein congestion in pachychoroid spectrum diseases. However, determining the blood flow direction within the compensated drainage route is often challenging. Herein, we investigated the morphological patterns of vortex veins in eyes showing retrograde pulsatile vortex venous flow. Design: Retrospective observational case series. Subjects: Six hundred eighty-nine consecutive eyes with treatment-naive central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of patients with these pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Multimodal images including indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and en face OCT were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: Intervortex venous anastomosis between superotemporal and inferotemporal vortex veins and the dominant site of dilated temporal vortex veins were determined in the eyes with retrograde pulsatile vortex venous flow in the temporal vortex veins. Results: Twenty-two eyes with retrograde pulsatile vortex venous flow in the temporal vortex veins were identified utilizing early phase ICGA videos. In 9 eyes, retrograde pulsatile flow was detected in the superotemporal vortex veins, which were connected to the inferotemporal vortex veins via intervortex venous anastomoses. Among these cases, contralateral inferotemporal vortex vein dilatation was dominant in 7 eyes (77.8%), while superotemporal and inferotemporal vortex veins were symmetrically dilated in the other 2 eyes (22.2%). On the other hand, in 13 eyes, the retrograde pulsatile flow was detected in the inferotemporal vortex veins, which were linked to the superotemporal vortex veins via intervortex venous anastomoses. In these eyes, contralateral superotemporal vortex vein dilatation was dominant in 10 eyes (76.9%). Superotemporal and inferotemporal vortex veins were symmetrically dilated in 2 eyes (15.4%), while mainly inferotemporal vortex veins were dilated in 1 eye (7.7%). Conclusions: In pachychoroid spectrum diseases, there are cases wherein congested venous blood might drain into the contralateral vortex veins via intervortex anastomoses. Overloaded contralateral vortex veins may, as a consequence, become more dilated than the primary congested vortex veins. Inversion of asymmetric vortex vein dilatation might thereby develop in pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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