Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38825349›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2024

Dynamics of synaptic damage in severe traumatic brain injury revealed by cerebrospinal fluid SNAP-25 and VILIP-1.

Florian Olde Heuvel, Zhenghui Li, Daniel Riedel, Steffen Halbgebauer, Patrick Oeckl, Benjamin Mayer, Nina Gotzman, Sandy Shultz, Bridgette Semple, Hayrettin Tumani and 5 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Synaptic Pathology in Traumatic Brain Injury and Therapeutic Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Florian Olde HeuvelNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Zhenghui LiNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Daniel RiedelNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Steffen HalbgebauerNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8711-5702
Patrick OecklNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7652-7023
Benjamin MayerInstitute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Nina GotzmanNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Sandy ShultzNeuroscience, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2525-8775
Bridgette SempleNeuroscience, Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Hayrettin TumaniNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1647-6201
Albert C LudolphNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Tobias Maria BoeckersAnatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
Cristina Morganti-KossmannPsychiatry, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Markus OttoNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4273-4267
Francesco RoselliNeurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany francesco.roselli@uni-ulm.de.ORCID 0000-0001-9935-6899

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBiomarkers of neuronal, glial cells and inflammation in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are available but they do not specifically reflect the damage to synapses, which represent the bulk volume of the brain. Experimental models have demonstrated extensive involvement of synapses in acute TBI, but biomarkers of synaptic damage in human patients have not been explored.

methodsSingle-molecule array assays were used to measure synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) (along with neurofilament light chain (NFL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)) in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples longitudinally acquired during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay of 42 patients with severe TBI or 22 uninjured controls.

resultsCSF levels of SNAP-25 and VILIP-1 are strongly elevated early after severe TBI and decline in the first few days. SNAP-25 and VILIP-1 correlate with inflammatory markers at two distinct timepoints (around D1 and then again at D5) in follow-up. SNAP-25 and VILIP-1 on the day-of-injury have better sensitivity and specificity for unfavourable outcome at 6 months than NFL, UCH-L1 or GFAP. Later elevation of SNAP-25 was associated with poorer outcome.

conclusionSynaptic damage markers are acutely elevated in severe TBI and predict long-term outcomes, as well as, or better than, markers of neuroaxonal injury. Synaptic damage correlates with initial injury and with a later phase of secondary inflammatory injury.

Indexed as

BiomarkersBrain Injuries, TraumaticNeurocalcinNeurofilament ProteinsSynapsesSynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25AdultAgedFemaleGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinHumansInterleukin-6MaleMiddle AgedUbiquitin ThiolesteraseYoung AdultBiomarkersGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinInterleukin-6Neurocalcinneurofilament protein LNeurofilament ProteinsSNAP25 protein, humanSynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25Ubiquitin ThiolesteraseUCHL1 protein, humanVSNL1 protein, humantraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID38825349
PMCPMC11671962

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.