Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38824491›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology2024

Change in cognitive performance during seven-year follow-up in midlife is associated with sex, age, and education - The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Marja A Heiskanen, Jaakko Nevalainen, Katja Pahkala, Markus Juonala, Nina Hutri, Mika Kähönen, Eero Jokinen, Tomi P Laitinen, Päivi Tossavainen, Leena Taittonen and 3 more

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Article in Journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Marja A HeiskanenResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. marja.heiskanen@utu.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-0043
Jaakko NevalainenUnit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Katja PahkalaResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
Markus JuonalaDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Nina HutriTampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Eero JokinenDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tomi P LaitinenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Päivi TossavainenDepartment of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, MRC Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Leena TaittonenDepartment of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Jorma S A ViikariDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Olli T RaitakariResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
Suvi P RovioResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.

Funding

Academy of Finland 117787Academy of Finland 121584Academy of Finland 124282Academy of Finland 126925Academy of Finland 129378Academy of Finland 134309Academy of Finland 286284Academy of Finland 322098Academy of Finland 322112Academy of Finland 339390Academy of Finland 41071European Research Council 742927Horizon 2020 755320Horizon 2020 848146Tampere and Turku University Hospitals X51001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSex, age, and education are associated with the level of cognitive performance. We investigated whether these factors modulate the change in cognitive performance in midlife by leveraging the longitudinal data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS).

methodsParticipants of the YFS cohort performed a computer-based Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) in 2011 and 2018 (n = 1671, age 41-56 years in 2018). Overall cognitive performance and domains representing learning and memory, working memory, reaction time, and information processing were extracted by common principal component analysis from the longitudinal cognitive data. Linear models adjusted for baseline cognitive performance were used to study the association of sex, age, and education with changes in overall cognitive performance and in the cognitive domains.

resultsCognitive performance decreased in all domains (overall cognition -0.56 SD, p < 0.001; working memory -0.81 SD, p < 0.001; learning and memory -0.70 SD, p < 0.001; reaction time -0.06 SD, p = 0.019; information processing -0.03 SD, p = 0.016). The decrease in working memory and information processing was greater in females compared to males. Cognitive performance decreased more in older participants in all domains. Education alleviated the decrease in cognitive performance in all domains except reaction time. The beneficial effect of education was greater for males.

conclusionsThis study describes the natural course of aging-related changes in cognitive performance in midlife, the critical time window for early prevention of clinical cognitive decline. These findings provide a reference for studies focusing on determinants of pathological cognitive decline deviating from normal changes in cognitive performance.

Indexed as

CognitionEducational StatusAdultAge FactorsCardiovascular DiseasesCognitive DysfunctionFemaleFinlandFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMemory, Short-TermMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsSex FactorsCANTABCognitive agingEducationLongitudinal studyMidlifeSex

Identifiers

PMID38824491
PMCPMC11319598

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.