ArticleBMC cancer2024
Blue light irradiation inhibits the M2 polarization of the cancer-associated macrophages in colon cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Harnessing blue light photobiomodulation for cancer therapy: Evidence from a systematic review.Photochemistry and photobiologyPooled it
- Light-emitting diode irradiation targets aerobic glycolysis in cancer-associated fibroblasts to inhibit metabolic coupling with colon cancer cells.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2025Article
- Wearable photobiomodulation halts thyroid cancer growth by leveraging thyroid photosensitivity.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages in colon cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that blue light-emitting diode (LED) light has anti-tumor effects, suggesting the possibility of using visible light in cancer therapy. However, the effects of blue light irradiation on cells in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are unknown. Here, THP-1 cells were cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) of HCT-116 cells to prepare TAMs. TAMs were divided into LED-irradiated and control groups. Then, the effects of blue LED irradiation on TAM activation were examined. Expression levels of M2 macrophage markers CD163 and CD206 expression were significantly decreased in LED-irradiated TAMs compared with the control group. While control TAM-CM could induce HCT-116 cell migration, these effects were not observed in cells cultured in TAM-CM with LED irradiation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was significantly suppressed in LED-exposed TAMs. PD-L1 expression was upregulated in HCT-116 cells cultured with TAM-CM but attenuated in cells cultured with LED-irradiated TAM-CM. In an in vivo model, protein expression levels of F4/80 and CD163, which are TAM markers, were reduced in the LED-exposed group. These results indicate that blue LED light may have an inhibitory effect on TAMs, as well as anti-tumor effects on colon cancer cells.
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Registered trials
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