Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38821846›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of emergency medicine2024

Observational Behavioral Coding in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Development of the Emergency Department Child Behavior Coding System.

Sarah R Martin, Theodore W Heyming, Brooke J Valdez, Luis H Salas, Lindsey L Cohen, Michelle A Fortier, Kent Lee, Sherrie Kaplan, Zeev N Kain

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of emergency medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sarah R MartinDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Center on Stress and Health, University of California, Irvine, California; Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California. Electronic address: sarahm7@hs.uci.edu.
Theodore W HeymingEmergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
Brooke J ValdezEmergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.
Luis H SalasEmergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.
Lindsey L CohenDepartment of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Michelle A FortierDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Center on Stress and Health, University of California, Irvine, California; Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California; Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.
Kent LeeEmergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California.
Sherrie KaplanDepartment of Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California.
Zeev N KainDepartment of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California; Center on Stress and Health, University of California, Irvine, California; Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California; Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Funding

Pain in children: clinical, patient experience, and resource utilization outcome disparities surrounding invasive emergency department proceduresK23HD105042 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Sarah R Martin · 2022 to 2026
$838k
NICHD NIH HHS K23 HD105042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite improvements over the past decade, children continue to experience significant pain and distress surrounding invasive procedures in the emergency department (ED). To assess the impact of newly developed interventions, we must create more reliable and valid behavioral assessment tools that have been validated for the unique settings of pediatric EDs.

objectiveThis study aimed to create and test the Emergency Department Child Behavior Coding System (ED-CBCS) for the assessment of child distress and nondistress behaviors surrounding pediatric ED procedures.

methodsVia an iterative process, a multidisciplinary expert panel developed the ED-CBCS, an advanced time-based behavioral coding measure. Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity were examined using 38 videos of children aged from 2 to 12 years undergoing laceration procedures. Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale scores were used to examine concurrent validity.

resultsThe final ED-CBCS included 27 child distress and nondistress behaviors. Time-unit κ values from 0.64 to 0.98 and event alignment κ values from 0.62 to 1.00 indicated good to excellent inter-rater reliability for all but one of the individual codes. ED-CBCS distress (B = 1.26; p < 0.001) and nondistress behaviors (B = -0.69, p = 0.025) were independently significantly associated with FLACC scores, indicating concurrent validity.

conclusionsWe developed a psychometrically sound tool tailored for pediatric ED procedures. Future work could use this measure to better identify behavioral targets and test the effects of interventions to relieve pediatric ED pain and distress.

Indexed as

Emergency Service, HospitalChildChild BehaviorChild, PreschoolClinical CodingFemaleHumansMalePediatricsReproducibility of Resultsbehavioremergency departmentmeasurementpainpediatric

Identifiers

PMID38821846
PMCPMC11181611

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.