Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38820331›Full record

SynthesisNutrition reviews2025

Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting-Anemia and Wasting-Anemia Comorbidities and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children Under 5 in the Least-Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Getenet Dessie, Jinhu Li, Son Nghiem, Tinh Doan

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrition reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Getenet DessieCollege of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, 79, Ethiopia, bduinfo@bdu.edu.et.ORCID 0000-0002-9965-3292
Jinhu LiDepartment of Health, Economics, Wellbeing and Society, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia, director.nceph@anu.edu.au.
Son NghiemDepartment of Health, Economics, Wellbeing and Society, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia, director.nceph@anu.edu.au.
Tinh DoanDepartment of Health, Economics, Wellbeing and Society, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia, director.nceph@anu.edu.au.

Funding

Australia National University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextDespite shifting from addressing isolated forms of malnutrition to recognizing its multifaceted nature, evidence on the prevalence and determinants of micronutrient deficiencies, and their coexistence with undernutrition in children under 5, remains insufficient, unsystematic, and incohesive.

objectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence and determinants of stunting-anemia and wasting-anemia comorbidities and micronutrient deficiencies in children under 5 in the least-developed countries (LDCs). DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches took place from January 15, 2023, to February 14, 2024, across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, African Index Medicus (AIM), World Health Organization's Institutional Repository for Information Sharing (IRIS), and African Journals Online. The search spanned the years 2000 to 2024, yet it yielded eligible full-text English research articles from only 2005 to 2021 conducted in LDCs. Studies lacking quantitative data on malnutrition types and their determinants were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent authors assessed articles for bias and quality using Hoy et al's 10-item scale and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria. Prevalence and other details were extracted using a Joanna Briggs Institute Excel template. Authors extracted adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for determinant factors such as sex and vitamin A and iron supplementation. DATA ANALYSIS: The search yielded 6248 articles from 46 LDCs. Sixty-nine articles, with a total sample size of 181 605, met inclusion criteria for the final meta-analysis. Vitamin A deficiency affected 16.32% of children, and iodine deficiency affected 43.41% of children. The pooled prevalence of wasting-anemia and stunting-anemia comorbidity was 5.44% and 19.47%, respectively. Stunting was associated with vitamin A deficiency (aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.01-2.37), and not taking vitamin A supplementation was associated with iron-deficiency anemia (aOR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21-1.55).

conclusionA significant proportion of children under 5 in LDCs experienced stunting-anemia and wasting-anemia comorbidities and micronutrient deficiencies. This study underscores the urgent need to address factors driving these burdens. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023409483.

Indexed as

AnemiaDeveloping CountriesGrowth DisordersMicronutrientsWasting SyndromeChild, PreschoolComorbidityFemaleHumansInfantPrevalenceMicronutrients

Identifiers

PMID38820331
PMCPMC11723162

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.