ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2024
Load Sharing of the Deep and Superficial Medial Collateral Ligaments, the Effect of a Partial Superficial Medial Collateral Injury, and Implications on ACL Load.
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Combined medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament reconstruction demonstrates favourable patient-reported outcomes and medial knee stability in Grade III injuries: A systematic review.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Pooled it
- Single-strand superficial medial collateral ligament reconstruction with a peroneus longus split graft provides reliable control of anteromedial rotatory instability combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A 2-year clinical cohort study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Motion as Medicine: Physical Activity, Joint Sensitivity, and Pain Management-A Narrative Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Medial Collateral Ligament Augmentation With Pedicled Gracilis Tendon to Address Anteromedial Rotatory and Valgus Instability.Arthroscopy techniques · 2026Article
- The Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Is the Primary Restraint to External Tibial Rotation Among Medial Knee Structures: A Robotic Biomechanical Study.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Review
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of Associated Anterolateral, Deep Medial Collateral Ligament, and Meniscal Findings in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Injured Knees.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Is the Lind or LaPrade Technique Able to Control Anterior and Rotational Laxity in Medial-Side Knee Injuries? A Controlled Laboratory Study of 18 Knees.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Combined Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Anterior Oblique Ligament, and Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee: Surgical Technique Description.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Combined ACL-MCL Injuries: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Clinical Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Knee Medial Complex Dissection to Expose the Anterior Oblique Ligament.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Double Extra-Articular Reinforcement.Arthroscopy techniques · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Stability, Revision Rate, and Complication Profile of Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis and Hughston Procedure in Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injury: An 8-Year Cohort Study.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Current trends in the medial side of the knee: not only medial collateral ligament (MCL).Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2024Review
- A Flat Reconstruction of the Medial Collateral Ligament and Anteromedial Structures Restores Native Knee Kinematics: A Biomechanical Robotic Investigation.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of Fatigue and Unanticipated Factors on Knee Joint Biomechanics in Female Basketball Players during Cutting.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Double-Bundle Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Improves Anteromedial Rotatory Instability.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInjuries to the deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL) and partial superficial MCL (psMCL) can cause anteromedial rotatory instability; however, the contribution of each these injuries in restraining anteromedial rotatory instability and the effect on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) load remain unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the contributions of the different MCL structures in restraining tibiofemoral motion and to evaluate the load through the ACL after MCL injury, especially after combined dMCL/psMCL injury. STUDY
designControlled laboratory study.
methodsSixteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic simulator. Tibiofemoral kinematic parameters were recorded at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion for the following measurements: 8-N·m valgus rotation, 4-N·m external tibial rotation (ER), 4-N·m internal tibial rotation, and a combined 89-N anterior tibial translation and 4-N·m ER for both anteromedial rotation (AMR) and anteromedial translation (AMT). The kinematic parameters of the 3 different MCL injuries (dMCL; dMCL/psMCL; dMCL/superficial MCL (sMCL)) were recorded and reapplied either in an ACL-deficient joint (load sharing) or before and after cutting the ACL (ACL load). The loads were calculated by applying the principle of superposition.
resultsThe dMCL had the largest effect on reducing the force/torque during ER, AMR, and AMT in extension and the psMCL injury at 30° to 90° of knee flexion (
conclusionThe psMCL injury made the largest contribution to the reduction of net force/torque during AMR/AMT at 30° to 90° of flexion. Concomitant dMCL/psMCL injury increased the ACL load, mainly during ER. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: If a surgical procedure is being considered to treat anteromedial rotatory instability, then the procedure should focus on restoring sMCL function, as injury to this structure causes a major loss of the knee joint's capacity to restrain AMR/AMT.
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