Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38818169›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2024

Nano-integrating green and low-carbon concepts into ideological and political education in higher education institutions through K-means clustering.

Jing Meng, Azher M Abed, Mohamed Gamal Elsehrawy, Afnan Al Agha, Nermeen Abdullah, Samia Elattar, Mohamed Abbas, Hakim Al Garalleh, Hamid Assilzadeh

RetractedAbstract readRetracted Publication
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Metallic nanoparticles: a promising novel therapeutic tool against antimicrobial resistance and spread of superbugs.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jing MengCollege of Foreign Languages, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
Azher M AbedMechanical power Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, 51001, Iraq.
Mohamed Gamal ElsehrawyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Afnan Al AghaDepartment of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi Arabia.
Nermeen AbdullahDepartment of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Samia ElattarDepartment of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed AbbasElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Hakim Al GarallehDepartment of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi Arabia.
Hamid AssilzadehFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Universities and colleges play a pivotal role in the pursuit of a future that is sustainable through their pedagogical efforts and the execution of state-of-the-art research endeavors aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) serve as crucial catalysts in advancing sustainable development. HEIs are increasingly embracing precise measures to reduce their carbon footprint (CF) while also educating students on global sustainability. These nano-methods provide a quantitative framework for assessing a campus's sustainability efforts in line with Green Campus (GC) initiatives to lower carbon emissions align with GC goals. This study employs K-means clustering to analyze the integration of green and low-carbon principles in higher education political and ideological studies. Its goal is to identify patterns, assess teaching effectiveness, and improve sustainability education, aligning with Green Campus initiatives to enhance institutional contributions to sustainable growth through informed pedagogical strategies. Input data includes curriculum content, teaching methods, student engagement, and institutional goals related to sustainability. Seeking to improve sustainability education align with Green Campus initiatives, higher education can strategically enhance their contributions to long-term sustainability and growth through effective pedagogical approaches. Cluster 3 has the lowest WCSS value of 1200, indicating tighter cohesion and less variability within this cluster compared to Cluster 1 (1500) and Cluster 2 (1800). Cluster 3 stands out with the highest silhouette score of 0.7, suggesting well-defined and distinct clusters, while Cluster 2 has the lowest score of 0.4, indicating some overlap or ambiguity in data points. Cluster 1 has the lowest Davies-Bouldin Index of 0.4, implying better separation between clusters compared to Cluster 2 (0.6) and Cluster 3 (0.5). Cluster 3 is well-defined and cohesive, showing strong integration of green practices. Cluster 1 displays good separation and cohesion, while Cluster 2 requires refinement due to potential overlap in sustainability integration.

Indexed as

Carbon footprint (CF)Green campus initiativesHigher education institutions (HEIs)K-means clusteringSustainability educationSustainable development

Identifiers

PMID38818169
PMCPMC11137392

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.