Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38817338›Full record

ArticleWellcome open research2022

Drivers of Resistance in Uganda and Malawi (DRUM): a protocol for the evaluation of One-Health drivers of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) resistance in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs).

Derek Cocker, Melodie Sammarro, Kondwani Chidziwisano, Nicola Elviss, Shevin T Jacob, Henry Kajumbula, Lawrence Mugisha, David Musoke, Patrick Musicha, Adam P Roberts and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Wellcome open research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Evolution of technology and disparities in antimicrobial stewardship: a narrative review.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Simulation based composite likelihood.Statistics and computing · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Derek CockerMalawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Program, Blantyre, Malawi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-2713
Melodie SammarroDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8342-8437
Kondwani ChidziwisanoCentre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-0469
Nicola ElvissScience Group, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Shevin T JacobDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-9394
Henry KajumbulaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Lawrence MugishaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-3356
David MusokeDepartment of Disease Control and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-3918
Patrick MusichaWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Adam P RobertsDepartment of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-3088
Barry RowlingsonCentre for Health Informatics Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8586-6625
Andrew C SingerUK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-6063
Rachel L ByrneCentre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-3125
Thomas EdwardsCentre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4058-4461
Rebecca LesterMalawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Program, Blantyre, Malawi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-9630
Catherine N WilsonMalawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Program, Blantyre, Malawi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-3081
Beth HolliheadDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Nicholas R ThomsonWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Christopher P JewellCentre for Health Informatics Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2178
Tracy MorseCentre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-9471
Nicholas A FeaseyMalawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Program, Blantyre, Malawi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-1405

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/R015074/1Medical Research Council MR/S004793/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa (sSA), there is high morbidity and mortality from severe bacterial infection and this is compounded by antimicrobial resistance, in particular, resistance to 3rd-generation cephalosporins. This resistance is typically mediated by extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). To interrupt ESBL transmission it will be important to investigate how human behaviour, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices, environmental contamination, and antibiotic usage in both urban and rural settings interact to contribute to transmission of ESBL E. coli and ESBL K. pneumoniae between humans, animals, and the environment. Here we present the protocol for the Drivers of Resistance in Uganda and Malawi (DRUM) Consortium, in which we will collect demographic, geospatial, clinical, animal husbandry and WASH data from a total of 400 households in Uganda and Malawi. Longitudinal human, animal and environmental sampling at each household will be used to isolate ESBL E. coli and ESBL K. pneumoniae. This will be complimented by a Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities and Self-Regulation (RANAS) survey and structured observations to understand the contextual and psychosocial drivers of regional WASH practices. Bacterial isolates and plate sweeps will be further characterised using a mixture of short-,long-read and metagenomic whole-genome sequencing. These datasets will be integrated into agent-based models to describe the transmission of EBSL resistance in Uganda and Malawi and allow us to inform the design of interventions for interrupting transmission of ESBL-bacteria.

Indexed as

AfricaAntimicrobial ResistanceEnvironmentOne Health

Identifiers

PMID38817338
PMCPMC11137479

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.