ArticleCommunications biology2024
Mitigating gut microbial degradation of levodopa and enhancing brain dopamine: Implications in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Communications biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ginseng Bioactive Components as Gut-Brain Axis-Targeted Modulators: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms in Multifactorial Diseases.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Supplementation with short-chain fatty acids and a prebiotic improves clinical outcome in Parkinson's disease: a randomized double-blind prospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Randomized controlled trial evaluating synbiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Pharmacological advances of honokiol: Mechanisms, targets and therapeutic potential (Review).Biomedical reports · 2026Review
- Immunoprotective and neuroprotective properties of gut microbiome in psoriasis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Motor and non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: the knowns and unknowns of current therapeutic approaches.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid dopamine 3-O-sulfate as a novel biomarker for predicting motor complications in Parkinson's disease: insights from the PPMI cohort.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Microbial Metabolism of Levodopa as an Adjunct Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Biochemical and nutritional changes during continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: findings from an observational cohort.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Microbiota-based PBPK model: new approach methodology for assessing the kinetics of drugs and chemicals.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Dopamine and the Gut Microbiota: Interactions Within the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Psoriasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Inflammation · 2025Review
- Liquiritigenin-Rich Hydroalcoholic Extract of Brazilian Red Propolis Reduces Dyskinesia Induced by 3,4- Dihydroxyphenylalanine in Hemiparkinsonian Rats.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of levodopa metabolism to dopamine by honokiol short-chain fatty acid derivatives may enhance therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2025Article
- Microbiome-based therapies for Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is managed using levodopa; however, as Parkinson's disease progresses, patients require increased doses of levodopa, which can cause undesirable side effects. Additionally, the oral bioavailability of levodopa decreases in Parkinson's disease patients due to the increased metabolism of levodopa to dopamine by gut bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis, resulting in decreased neuronal uptake and dopamine formation. Parkinson's disease patients have varying levels of these bacteria. Thus, decreasing bacterial metabolism is a promising therapeutic approach to enhance the bioavailability of levodopa in the brain. In this work, we show that Mito-ortho-HNK, formed by modification of a naturally occurring molecule, honokiol, conjugated to a triphenylphosphonium moiety, mitigates the metabolism of levodopa-alone or combined with carbidopa-to dopamine. Mito-ortho-HNK suppresses the growth of E. faecalis, decreases dopamine levels in the gut, and increases dopamine levels in the brain. Mitigating the gut bacterial metabolism of levodopa as shown here could enhance its efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.