ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2024
Ultraprocessing and presence of additives in commercially produced complementary foods in seven Southeast Asian countries: a cross-sectional study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Unhealthy Start: The Nutritional Composition, Processing, and on-Pack Claims of Commercial Foods for Infants and Toddlers in Thailand.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- [Commercially available complementary foods in Argentina and Mexico: An analysis of their nutritional composition, labeling, and promotionAlimentos complementares comercializados na Argentina e no México: análise da composição nutricional, rotulagem e promoção].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Parents' Perceptions of Claims on Packaged Commercial Toddler Foods: A Qualitative Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Flavor and Well-Being: A Comprehensive Review of Food Choices, Nutrition, and Health Interactions.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Nutrition transition's latest stage: Are ultra-processed food increases in low- and middle-income countries dooming our preschoolers' diets and future health?Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
- Consumption of non-sugar sweeteners by Brazilian adolescents and adults in 2017-2018: Socioeconomic distribution and food sources.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-05-28Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown · Notice - Limited or No Information · Temporary Removal · · date of retraction unknown, html page overwritten;
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere has been a dramatic shift in food systems, and the consumption of commercially processed and packaged foods has grown globally, including among older infants and young children. Many of these products are ultraprocessed and contain additives, with concerning implications for the health and nutrition of children.
objectivesThe study objectives were as follows: 1) to assess the levels of processing among different commercially produced complementary food product (CPCF) categories marketed in the Southeast Asia region, 2) to compare the nutrient content of CPCF products across levels of processing, and 3) to assess the types of additives present in different CPCF categories.
methodsThis cross-sectional study involved secondary analysis of a cross-sectional dataset of product label information from CPCF purchased in 2021 in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Ingredient lists were reviewed to determine the level of processing-based on the Nova classification-and the presence of additives. Nutrient declaration panels were reviewed to determine total sugar, sodium, and total fat.
resultsNearly half of all CPCF were ultraprocessed, with total sugar and sodium content significantly higher among ultraprocessed CPCF than unprocessed/minimally processed products. Almost half of CPCF contained additives, with a median of 6 per product. More than 30% of all CPCF made use of cosmetic additives to enhance the products' appearance, flavor, or texture, with emulsifiers, colors, and thickeners the most prevalent. Almost one-third of products contained additives not permitted in Codex Alimentarius standards and guidelines for CPCF.
conclusionsFindings from this study should alert national governments to both adopt and ensure enforcement of Codex guidance on additives and regulations enacted to encourage lower levels of processing for CPCF.
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