ArticleAnnals of nutrition & metabolism2024
Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages before 2 Years of Age and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Article in Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary Carbohydrates and ADHD Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Endotracheal Intubation in Early Life and Its Association with Mental Health Disorders from Childhood to Adolescence: A National Longitudinal Cohort Study up to Age 18.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Optimal weight gain to reduce obesity risk in preterm infants in a National cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption before the first 24 months of life and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
methodsA population administrative cohort study was conducted in Korea (2008-2019) using linked national insurance data and a health screening survey. The cohort included 25,305 children in the exposed group with high sugar-sweetened beverage drinks (≥200 mL) and 339,931 in the reference groups (<200 mL) at 24 months of age. The primary outcome was the development of ADHD based on the International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. Cox proportional model was used to identify the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption during early childhood and the later development of ADHD while controlling for multiple risk factors.
resultsOver a mean follow-up period of 9.2 years, the incidence rates of ADHD were 29.6 and 23.8 per 10,000 person-years in the exposed and reference groups, respectively. Compared with the reference group, children consuming high-sugar drinks were at an increased risk of ADHD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.27). These associations remained significant even after applying alternative ADHD definitions or adjusting for confounding variables.
conclusionChildren who consume sweetened beverages during early childhood are at increased risk of developing ADHD later in life.
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