ArticleACS nano2024
Quantum Dot-Fab' Conjugates as Compact Immunolabels for Microtubule Imaging and Cell Classification.
Article in ACS nano, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bandgap-Engineered PtAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Phage-Selected Clickable Gln-Donor Peptide for Lys-Selective Fab Labeling Using Engineered Microbial Transglutaminase.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bright Photoluminescent Gd-MXene Quantum Dots for Cell Imaging with Synergistic MRI/CT Capability.Journal of fluorescence · 2026Article
- Methods for Conjugating Antibodies with Quantum Dots.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dynamic Polymer Cross-linking Limits the Homogeneity of Compact Quantum Dots for Single-Particle Tracking.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antibodies and their conjugates of fluorescent labels are widely applied in life sciences research and clinical pathology. Among diverse label types, compact quantum dots (QDs) provide advantages of multispectral multiplexing, bright signals in the deep red and infrared, and low steric hindrance. However, QD-antibody conjugates have random orientation of the antigen-binding domain which may interfere with labeling and are large (20-30 nm) and heterogeneous, which limits penetration into biospecimens. Here, we develop conjugates of compact QDs and Fab' antibody fragments as primary immunolabels. Fab' fragments are conjugated site-specifically through sulfhydryl groups distal to antigen-binding domains, and the multivalent conjugates have small and homogeneous sizes (∼12 nm) near those of full-sized antibodies. Their performance as immunolabels for intracellular antigens is evaluated quantitatively by metrics of microtubule labeling density and connectivity in fixed cells and for cytological identification in fixed brain specimens, comparing results with probes based on spectrally-matched dyes. QD-Fab' conjugates outperformed QD conjugates of full-sized antibodies and could be imaged with bright signals with 1-photon and 2-photon excitation. The results demonstrate a requirement for smaller bioaffinity agents and site-specific orientation for the success of nanomaterial-based labels to enhance penetration in biospecimens and minimize nonspecific staining.
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Registered trials
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