ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Association Between Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy and Measures of Glucose Metabolism: A Longitudinal Study.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiometabolic diseases in transgender populations.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy: effects on cardiovascular risk and vascular function.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Association Between Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy and Measures of Glucose Metabolism: A Longitudinal Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextThe long-term effect of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on glucose metabolism is an area of priority in transgender health research.
objectivesTo evaluate the relation between GAHT and changes in fasting blood glucose (FG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in transmasculine (TM) and transfeminine (TF) persons relative to the corresponding temporal changes in presumably cisgender persons (ie, without any evidence of gender diversity).
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingThree large integrated health systems.
participantsA total of 2148 TF and 1679 TM persons compared with 28 036 cisgender males and 32 548 cisgender females enrolled in the same health plans. OUTCOMES/MEASURES: Temporal changes in FG and HbA1c levels examined using linear mixed models with main results expressed as ratios-of-ratios.
resultsThe pre- vs post-GAHT ratios-of-ratio (95% CI) estimates adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study site, and body mass index in the model comparing TF and cisgender males groups were 1.05 (1.01-1.09) for FG and 1.03 (0.99-1.06) for HbA1c. By contrast, the corresponding results in the models contrasting TM and cisgender cohort members were in the 0.99 to 1.00 range. The ratio-of-ratios comparing post-GAHT changes among transgender and cisgender persons were close to the null and without a discernable pattern.
conclusionThough the within-transgender cohort data suggest an increase in the levels of FG and HbA1c following feminizing GAHT initiation, these changes were no longer evident when compared with the corresponding changes in cisgender referents. Based on these results, clinically important effects of GAHT on routine laboratory markers of glucose metabolism appear unlikely.
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