ArticleiScience2024
Behavioral and cortical arousal from sleep, muscimol-induced coma, and anesthesia by direct optogenetic stimulation of cortical neurons.
Article in iScience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The sleep-wake cycle: molecular mechanisms, disorders, and therapeutic targets in the context of energy metabolism.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Theoretical analysis of low-power deep synergistic sono-optogenetic excitation of neurons by co-expressing light-sensitive and mechano-sensitive ion-channels.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Loss-of-consciousness: sources of GABAergic input to the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Consciousness and sleep.Neuron · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
The cerebral cortex is widely considered part of the neural substrate of consciousness, but direct causal evidence is missing. Here, we tested in mice whether optogenetic activation of cortical neurons in posterior parietal cortex (PtA) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is sufficient for arousal from three behavioral states characterized by progressively deeper unresponsiveness: sleep, a coma-like state induced by muscimol injection in the midbrain, and deep sevoflurane-dexmedetomidine anesthesia. We find that cortical stimulation always awakens the mice from both NREM sleep and REM sleep, with PtA requiring weaker/shorter light pulses than mPFC. Moreover, in most cases light pulses produce both cortical activation (decrease in low frequencies) and behavioral arousal (recovery of the righting reflex) from brainstem coma, as well as cortical activation from anesthesia. These findings provide evidence that direct activation of cortical neurons is sufficient for behavioral and/or cortical arousal from sleep, brainstem coma, and anesthesia.
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