ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2024
Vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene polymorphism FokI (rs2228570) are associated with diabetes mellitus in adults: COVID-inconfidentes study.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitamin D Genetics Beyond Serum 25(OH)D:Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association between vitamin D receptor FokI gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Ethiopian population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism FokI and type 2 diabetic kidney disease and its molecular mechanism: a case control study.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundDiabetes mellitus is a chronic and multifactorial condition, including environmental risk factors such as lifestyle habits and genetic conditions.
objectiveWe aimed to evaluate the association of VDR gene polymorphism (rs2228570) FokI and vitamin D levels with diabetes in adults.
methodsCross-sectional population-based study in adults, conducted from October to December 2020 in two Brazilian cities. The outcome variable was diabetes, defined as glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% or self-report medical diagnosis or use of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) was measured by indirect electrochemiluminescence, and classified as deficiency when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL. All participants were genotyped for VDR FokI polymorphism by qPCR and classified as homozygous mutant (ff or GG), heterozygous (Ff or AG), or homozygous wild (FF or AA). A combined analysis between the FokI polymorphism and vitamin D levels with diabetes was also examined. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used to select minimal and sufficient adjustment for confounding variables by the backdoor criterion.
resultsThe prevalence of DM was 9.4% and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was 19.9%. The genotype distribution of FokI polymorphism was 9.9% FF, 44.8% Ff, and 45.3% ff. It was possible to verify a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and DM (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.06-4.50). Individuals with the altered allele (ff) had a 1.78 higher prevalence of DM (OR: 1.78; 95% CI; 1.10-2.87). Combined analyses, individuals with vitamin D deficiency and one or two copies of the altered FokI allele had a higher prevalence of DM (Ff + ff: OR: 1.67; 95% CI; 1.07-2.61; ff: OR: 3.60; 95% CI; 1.40-9.25).
conclusionOur data suggest that vitamin D deficiency and FokI polymorphism are associated with DM.
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