ArticleNature immunology2024
Cytokine polarized, alternatively activated bone marrow neutrophils drive axon regeneration.
Article in Nature immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- First-in-human pilot trial of G-CSF-mobilised platelet-leukocyte concentrate for severe refractory Asherman syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: a psychoneuroimmunological nexus linking depression and cardiovascular comorbidity.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Enalaprilat reverses neutrophil polarization imbalance via targeting taurine-STING axis for treatment of diabetic wounds.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Plant natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in Parkinson's disease: Molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics.iScience · 2026Review
- Alternatively activated neutrophils limit T cell-driven neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers neutrophil clusters associated with autoimmune neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- Harnessing neutrophils for tissue repair and regeneration: mechanisms, biomaterial engineering strategies and translational potential.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of sphingolipids in wound healing: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Review
- Review
- Neutrophil Heterogeneity after Myocardial Infarction.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Review
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Uncovers Neutrophil Clusters Associated with Autoimmune Neuroinflammation.Research square · 2025Article
- Neutrophils are key modulators of sex differences in LPS-induced shock in mice.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2025Article
- The neuroimmune interface in retinal regeneration.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Neutrophils in Tissue Injury and Repair: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- A stromal inflammasome Ras safeguard against Myc-driven lymphomagenesis.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Immune drivers of pain resolution and protection.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- CXCR2 mediated trafficking of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps are required for myelin clearance after a peripheral nerve injury.Experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Granulocyte colony stimulating factor promotes scarless tissue regeneration.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Hybrid construction of tissue-engineered nerve graft using skin derived precursors induced neurons and Schwann cells to enhance peripheral neuroregeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The adult central nervous system (CNS) possesses a limited capacity for self-repair. Severed CNS axons typically fail to regrow. There is an unmet need for treatments designed to enhance neuronal viability, facilitate axon regeneration and ultimately restore lost neurological functions to individuals affected by traumatic CNS injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke and other neurological disorders. Here we demonstrate that both mouse and human bone marrow neutrophils, when polarized with a combination of recombinant interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), upregulate alternative activation markers and produce an array of growth factors, thereby gaining the capacity to promote neurite outgrowth. Moreover, adoptive transfer of IL-4/G-CSF-polarized bone marrow neutrophils into experimental models of CNS injury triggered substantial axon regeneration within the optic nerve and spinal cord. These findings have far-reaching implications for the future development of autologous myeloid cell-based therapies that may bring us closer to effective solutions for reversing CNS damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.