ReviewNPJ vaccines2024
A narrative review of norovirus epidemiology, biology, and challenges to vaccine development.
Review in NPJ vaccines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Pathogen Detection in Wastewater in Africa, with Focus on Rwanda: Implications for Early Warning and Public Health Surveillance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Wastewater surveillance of rotavirus, norovirus, and hepatitis a virus in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Disease burden of norovirus-associated diarrhea among children under 5 years old in China: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Stage-Specific Tulane Virus Replication in Zebrafish: Permissive in Embryos, Restricted in Larvae.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Correlation of Norovirus in Wastewater with Gastroenteritis-Related Hospitalizations, New York, USA, 2022-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A Wastewater-based Modeling Framework for Inferring Norovirus Transmission Dynamics.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Vaccinology in the twenty-first century revisited.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Conformational Plasticity of the Human Norovirus GII.3 Capsid Reveals Alternative P Domain Interaction Networks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Norovirus Infections in Early Life; the PREVAIL Cohort, 2017-2020.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Individual-level Factors Associated With Acute Hospitalization After Medically Attended Acute Gastroenteritis and Norovirus Gastroenteritis in the United States, 2022-2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Kuwanon G: From Bioactivities to Network-Level Mechanisms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Structural basis and immunogenic efficacy of porcine circovirus type 3 virus-like particle.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Balancing under constraint: Structural insights into norovirus evolution and antigenic innovation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles: emerging nano-enabled platforms for rapid and sensitive detection of viral infections.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Transkingdom Interactions Between Viruses and Bacteria: Implications for Wastewater Treatment Efficiency.Food and environmental virology · 2026Review
- The Largest Outbreak of Acute Gastroenteritis of Mixed Norovirus Genogroups in the Coast of São Paulo State, Brazil.Viruses · 2026Article
- Comparison of human intestinal enteroid and zebrafish larva models for replication of human norovirus.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic Analyses ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Increase of GII.17 Norovirus Infections During the 2024-2025 Season in Multiple Cities, China.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Internalization and Localization of Murine Norovirus in Hydroponically Grown Green Onion (Allium Fistulosum L.).Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) globally. AGE resulting from norovirus causes significant morbidity and mortality in countries of all income levels, particularly among young children and older adults. Prevention of norovirus AGE represents a unique challenge as the virus is genetically diverse with multiple genogroups and genotypes cocirculating globally and causing disease in humans. Variants of the GII.4 genotype are typically the most common genotype, and other genotypes cause varying amounts of disease year-to-year, with GII.2, GII.3, and GII.6 most prevalent in recent years. Noroviruses are primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route and only a very small number of virions are required for infection, which makes outbreaks of norovirus extremely difficult to control when they occur. Settings like long-term care facilities, daycares, and hospitals are at high risk of outbreaks and can have very high attack rates resulting in substantial costs and disease burden. Severe cases of norovirus AGE are most common in vulnerable patient populations, such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, with available treatments limited to rehydration therapies and supportive care. To date, there are no FDA-approved norovirus vaccines; however, several candidates are currently in development. Given the substantial human and economic burden associated with norovirus AGE, a vaccine to prevent morbidity and mortality and protect vulnerable populations could have a significant impact on global public health.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.