ReviewGenes & development2024
Glioblastoma microenvironment-from biology to therapy.
Review in Genes & development, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of low- and high-intensity focused ultrasound in glioblastoma: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.British journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Tunneling nanotubes regulate mitochondrial homeostasis between glioblastoma and astrocytes, and between tumor cells in vivo.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis as an immunometabolic checkpoint in brain tumours: spatial vulnerabilities and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- The Invasive Margin of Glioblastoma as a Molecular Ecosystem: Spatial Heterogeneity, Tumor-Host Interactions, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Construction Strategies, Microenvironmental Modelling and Precision-Therapy Applications of Glioma Organoid Models.Cancers · 2026Review
- EFEMP2 Is Associated with Shelterin-Related DNA Damage Repair, Immune Microenvironment Features, and Prognosis in Glioblastoma.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Targeting Kinase Signaling in Glioblastoma: Structural Optimization, Blood-Brain Barrier Dynamics and Combinatorial Translational Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Immunological outcomes of a bespoke DNA cancer vaccine in glioblastoma.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Physio-metabolic MRI of oxygen metabolism and neovascularization for differentiating glioblastomas from solitary NSCLC brain metastases.La Radiologia medica · 2026Observational
- Adjuvant personalized multivalent neoantigen DNA vaccination for MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma: a phase 1 trial.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- A multimodal viro-immunotherapy strategy for glioblastoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Human cerebral organoids with microglia and vasculature model glioma stem cell interactions and radiotherapy response.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-miR-10b in glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Myeloid compartment reprogramming through nanoparticle-delivered resiquimod blocks paracrine growth support and activates phagocytosis to slow tumor progression in endogenous mouse medulloblastoma and diffuse midline glioma models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identification of hsa-miR-144-3p as a novel immunotherapeutic target for glioblastoma based on disulfidptosis-related analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Standardized Workflow for the Generation of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Spheroids.Methods and protocols · 2026Article
- Review
- Astrocytes in neuroinflammation and brain cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Decoding the Glioblastoma Microenvironment: AI-Driven Analysis of Cellular MRI Signatures for Targeted Therapy.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain cancer. These tumors exhibit high intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity in neoplastic and nonneoplastic compartments, low lymphocyte infiltration, and high abundance of myeloid subsets that together create a highly protumorigenic immunosuppressive microenvironment. Moreover, heterogeneous GBM cells infiltrate adjacent brain tissue, remodeling the neural microenvironment to foster tumor electrochemical coupling with neurons and metabolic coupling with nonneoplastic astrocytes, thereby driving growth. Here, we review heterogeneity in the GBM microenvironment and its role in low-to-high-grade glioma transition, concluding with a discussion of the challenges of therapeutically targeting the tumor microenvironment and outlining future research opportunities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.