ArticleScience advances2024
Vaccine targeting to mucosal lymphoid tissues promotes humoral immunity in the gastrointestinal tract.
Article in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- TheCells · 2026Article
- Advancing climate-resilient livestock systems: Next-generation emission mitigation strategies and integrated technological innovations.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Mechanistic remodeling and immunoregulatory functions of the B cell-humoral immunity axis in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trends and hotspots in research of virus and gastrointestinal mucosal immunity: a bibliometric analysis of four decades.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Immunostimulatory Pickering emulsion for oral vaccine delivery.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Current Status, Hotspots, and Development Trends of Nanoemulsions: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses, bacteria, and parasites frequently cause infections in the gastrointestinal tract, but traditional vaccination strategies typically elicit little or no mucosal antibody responses. Here, we report a strategy to effectively concentrate immunogens and adjuvants in gut-draining lymph nodes (LNs) to induce gut-associated mucosal immunity. We prepared nanoemulsions (NEs) based on biodegradable oils commonly used as vaccine adjuvants, which encapsulated a potent Toll-like receptor agonist and displayed antigen conjugated to their surface. Following intraperitoneal administration, these NEs accumulated in gut-draining mesenteric LNs, priming strong germinal center responses and promoting B cell class switching to immunoglobulin A (IgA). Optimized NEs elicited 10- to 1000-fold higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers in the serum and feces, respectively, compared to free antigen mixed with NE, and strong neutralizing antibody titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Thus, robust gut humoral immunity can be elicited by exploiting the unique lymphatic collection pathways of the gut with a lymph-targeting vaccine formulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.