ArticlePloS one2024
Demographic trends of cardiorenal and heart failure deaths in the United States, 2011-2020.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiogenic shock and acute renal failure associated mortality trends in the United States: a retrospective analysis of death records from 1999 to 2023.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Potential host-gut microbiota-metabolite associations in cardiorenal syndrome progression: a multi-omics integrative analysis.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Proteomics risk scores and mortality in heart failure: Generalizability across populations.PloS one · 2026Article
- Device-based therapies in cardio-renal syndrome: a pathophysiology-driven approach to a complex bidirectional disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Growing public interest and regional disparities of cardiorenal syndrome in the United States.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Explainable machine learning framework using visceral adiposity index to predict cardiorenal syndrome: a survey-weighted NHANES study with SHAP interpretation.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Elevated atherogenic index of plasma is associated with increased cardiorenal syndrome prevalence: a cross-sectional study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Cardiorenal Syndrome and Autonomic Overactivity.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Trends in Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease From 1999 to 2020: A Retrospective Study in the United States.Clinical cardiology · 2025Article
- National Trends in Heart Failure and Acute Myocarditis-Related Death Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Lipoprotein(a) and the risk of type I cardiorenal syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease: A retrospective clinical study.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2025Article
- Inverse associations of the lifestyle critical 9 with cardiorenal syndrome: the mediating role of the dietary inflammatory index.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeart failure (HF) and kidney disease frequently co-occur, increasing mortality risk. The cardiorenal syndrome results from damage to either the heart or kidney impacting the other organ. The epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome among the general population is incompletely characterized and despite shared risk factors with HF, differences in mortality risk across key demographics have not been well described. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to analyze annual trends in cardiorenal-related mortality, evaluate if these trends differed by age, sex, and race or ethnicity, and describe these trends against a backdrop of HF mortality. METHODS AND
findingsThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research database was used to examine cardiorenal- and HF-related mortality in the US between 2011and 2020. International Classification of Diseases, 10 Revision codes were used to classify cardiorenal-related deaths (I13.x) and HF-related deaths (I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, and I50.x), among decedents aged 15 years or older. Decedents were further stratified by age group, sex, race, or ethnicity. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 persons were calculated. A total of 97,135 cardiorenal-related deaths and 3,453,655 HF-related deaths occurred. Cardiorenal-related mortality (AAMR, 3.26; 95% CI: 3.23-3.28) was significantly lower than HF-related mortality (AAMR, 115.7; 95% CI: 115.6-115.8). The annual percent change (APC) was greater and increased over time for cardiorenal-related mortality (2011-2015: APC, 7.1%; 95% CI: 0.7-13.9%; 2015-2020: APC, 19.7%, 95% CI: 16.3-23.2%), whereas HF-related mortality also increased over that time period, but at a consistently lower rate (2011-2020: APC, 2.4%; 95% CI: 1.7-3.1%). Mortality was highest among older and male decedents for both causes. Cardiorenal-related deaths were more common in non-Hispanic or Latino Blacks compared to Whites, but similar rates were observed for HF-related mortality. A larger proportion of cardiorenal-related deaths, compared to HF-related deaths, listed cardiorenal syndrome as the underlying cause of death (67.0% vs. 1.2%).
conclusionsHF-related deaths substantially outnumber cardiorenal-related deaths; however, cardiorenal-related deaths are increasing at an alarming rate with the highest burden among non-Hispanic or Latino Blacks. Continued surveillance of cardiorenal-related mortality trends is critical and future studies that contain detailed biomarker and social determinants of health information are needed to identify mechanisms underlying differences in mortality trends.
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