ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Nasal and Pharyngeal Mucosal Immunity to Poliovirus in Children Following Routine Immunization With Inactivated Polio Vaccine in the United States.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough polioviruses (PVs) replicate in lymphoid tissue of both the pharynx and ileum, research on polio vaccine-induced mucosal immunity has predominantly focused on intestinal neutralizing and binding antibody levels measured in stool.
methodsTo investigate the extent to which routine immunization with intramuscularly injected inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) may induce nasal and pharyngeal mucosal immunity, we measured PV type-specific neutralization and immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and IgM levels in nasal secretions, adenoid cell supernatants, and sera collected from 12 children, aged 2-5 years, undergoing planned adenoidectomies. All participants were routinely immunized with IPV and had no known contact with live PVs.
resultsPV-specific mucosal neutralization was detected in nasal and adenoid samples, mostly from children who had previously received 4 IPV doses. Across the 3 PV serotypes, both nasal (Spearman ρ ≥ 0.87, P ≤ .0003 for all) and adenoid (Spearman ρ ≥ 0.57, P ≤ .05 for all) neutralization titers correlated with serum neutralization titers. In this small study sample, there was insufficient evidence to determine which Ig isotype(s) was correlated with neutralization.
conclusionsOur findings provide policy-relevant evidence that routine immunization with IPV may induce nasal and pharyngeal mucosal immunity. The observed correlations of nasal and pharyngeal mucosal neutralization with serum neutralization contrast with previous observations of distinct intestinal and serum responses to PV vaccines. Further research is warranted to determine which antibody isotype(s) correlate with polio vaccine-induced nasal and pharyngeal mucosal neutralizing activity and to understand the differences from intestinal mucosal immunity.
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