ArticleBrazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica2024
The inhibitor of the redox activity of APE1/REF-1, APX2009, reduces the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells.
Article in Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- APE1/Ref-1: multifunctional biology, selective inhibition, and the path to clinical translation.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2026Review
- Targeting APE1-Redox Function Reverses SOX9-mediated Chemoresistance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Synergistic Reduction of Breast Cancer Cell Viability and Aggressiveness Through Dual Inhibition of APE1 Redox Function and STAT3 Signaling.Cell biology international · 2025Article
- Ref-1 redox activity modulates canonical Wnt signaling in endothelial cells.Redox biology · 2025Article
- APX2009 sensitizes hypoxic breast cancer cells to doxorubicin by increasing its accumulation and caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/REF-1) is a multifunctional protein acting on cellular signaling pathways, including DNA repair and redox activities. APE1/REF-1 has emerged as a target for cancer therapy, and its role in breast cancer models would reveal new strategies for cancer therapy. APX2009 is a specific APE1/REF-1 redox inhibitor whose anticancer properties have not been described in breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of the APX2009 treatment in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Breast cancer cell lines were cultured, and WST1 and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD and LDH-Glo™ assays were performed to evaluate cell death. The wound healing assay and Matrigel transwell assay were performed after APX2009 treatment to evaluate the cellular migration and invasion processes, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that APX2009 treatment decreased breast cancer cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive properties. Furthermore, it induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Our study is the first to show the effects of APX2009 treatment on apoptosis in a breast cancer cell. Therefore, this study suggested that APX2009 treatment is a promising anticancer molecule for breast cancer.
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