ArticleBriefings in bioinformatics2024
SPIN: sex-specific and pathway-based interpretable neural network for sexual dimorphism analysis.
Article in Briefings in bioinformatics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Opportunities and challenges with artificial intelligence in allergy and immunology: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Fairness-aware supervised hierarchical contrastive semantic learning for sexual dimorphism analysis.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Pathway-guided architectures for interpretable AI in biological research.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in prevalence, severity and genetic susceptibility exists for most common diseases. However, most genetic and clinical outcome studies are designed in sex-combined framework considering sex as a covariate. Few sex-specific studies have analyzed males and females separately, which failed to identify gene-by-sex interaction. Here, we propose a novel unified biologically interpretable deep learning-based framework (named SPIN) for sexual dimorphism analysis. We demonstrate that SPIN significantly improved the C-index up to 23.6% in TCGA cancer datasets, and it was further validated using asthma datasets. In addition, SPIN identifies sex-specific and -shared risk loci that are often missed in previous sex-combined/-separate analysis. We also show that SPIN is interpretable for explaining how biological pathways contribute to sexual dimorphism and improve risk prediction in an individual level, which can result in the development of precision medicine tailored to a specific individual's characteristics.
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Registered trials
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