Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38806997›Full record

SynthesisCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2025

A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine.

Jessica Kalla, Janette Pfneissl, Theresia Mair, Loan Tran, Gerda Egger

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Modeling pediatric brain tumors with human stem cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The atypical KRASMolecular oncology · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Medulloblastoma: biology and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jessica Kalla *Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Janette Pfneissl *Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Theresia MairDepartment of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Loan TranDepartment of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Gerda EggerDepartment of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. gerda.egger@meduniwien.ac.at.

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF DOC 59Austrian Science Fund FWF P 32771
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, and thus treatment responses vary greatly between patients. To improve therapy efficacy and outcome for cancer patients, more representative and patient-specific preclinical models are needed. Organoids and tumoroids are 3D cell culture models that typically retain the genetic and epigenetic characteristics, as well as the morphology, of their tissue of origin. Thus, they can be used to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis in a more physiological setting. Additionally, co-culture methods of tumoroids and cancer-associated cells can help to understand the interplay between a tumor and its tumor microenvironment. In recent years, tumoroids have already helped to refine treatments and to identify new targets for cancer therapy. Advanced culturing systems such as chip-based fluidic devices and bioprinting methods in combination with tumoroids have been used for high-throughput applications for personalized medicine. Even though organoid and tumoroid models are complex in vitro systems, validation of results in vivo is still the common practice. Here, we describe how both animal- and human-derived tumoroids have helped to identify novel vulnerabilities for cancer treatment in recent years, and how they are currently used for precision medicine.

Indexed as

Cell Culture TechniquesCell Culture Techniques, Three DimensionalNeoplasmsOrganoidsPrecision MedicineAnimalsHumansTumor Microenvironment3D modelsBioprintingCancerCo-cultureFluidic devicesOrganoidsPrecision medicinePreclinical modelsTumoroids

Identifiers

PMID38806997
PMCPMC11850459

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.