ArticleBMJ open2024
Association between loneliness and cigarette smoking attitudes among university students in Iran: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Physical exercise and loneliness in higher education: a national study of Norwegian students.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Examination of Loneliness and Smoking in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Multiple Dataset Study.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- Social anxiety and smartphone addiction among college students: the mediating role of loneliness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Co-occurrence of Loneliness and Nicotine Use Among German Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesDuring the last two decades, cigarette smoking witnessed a global increase in use, especially among youth. Loneliness is one of the possible psychosocial determinants of smoking. This study examined the association between loneliness and attitudes towards cigarette smoking among university students of Iran.
designCross-sectional study. SETTING AND
participantsThis study was conducted among 538 university students, who were recruited using the cluster random sampling method. Loneliness and smoking attitudes of the samples were assessed using the revised version of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale and the Scale of Cigarette Smoking Attitude (CSA). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis were used to analyse the data.
resultsFrom a total of 538 participants, 301 (59.9%) students were young women. The mean age of the students was 22.2±2.9 years. Only 56 (10.4%) of the students were married and 370 (87.9%) of them were lived with their families. 131 (24.3%) students experienced cigarette smoking. In terms of university-related characteristics, 205 (38.1%) of the students studied in the faculty of medicine. Also, 30% of the students had a positive or indifferent attitude towards smoking, while 26.4% of the students reported feeling lonely. The mean scores for loneliness and CSA were 41.42±11.29 and 48.64±11.2, respectively. Statistically, a significant positive correlation was found between loneliness and CSA (r=0.289; p<0.001). After controlling for potential confounders by regression analysis, loneliness scores were also positively associated with CSA scores (B: 0.14; 95% CI 0.097 to 0.18).
conclusionsAccording to the positive association between loneliness and students' CSA, paying more attention to the state of loneliness in college students, examining situations and reasons that increase it and identifying the interventions that might reduce it are necessary. Reducing loneliness among college students can correct their attitudes towards smoking.
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