Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38806207›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2024

People from ethnic minorities seeking help for long COVID: a qualitative study.

Nina Smyth, Damien Ridge, Tom Kingstone, Dipesh P Gopal, Nisreen A Alwan, Alexa Wright, Ashish Chaudhry, Sophie Clark, Rebecca Band, Carolyn A Chew-Graham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  5. Co-Creating Publicly Available Resources to Increase Awareness of and Support for Long Covid Among Ethnic Minority Communities.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
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  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Intersectionality and Long Covid: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Ethnic Minority Groups in the United Kingdom.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Exploring Long Covid Prevalence and Patient Uncertainty by Sociodemographic Characteristics Using GP Patient Survey Data.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Exploring the lived experience for the most vulnerable.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024
    Article
  19. Long COVID and Health Inequalities: What's Next for Research and Policy Advocacy?Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nina SmythSchool of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London.ORCID 0000-0001-9047-6958
Damien RidgeSchool of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London.ORCID 0000-0001-9245-5958
Tom KingstoneSchool of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, and Research and Innovation Department, Midland Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Stafford.ORCID 0000-0001-9179-2303
Dipesh P GopalWolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London.ORCID 0000-0002-1787-7963
Nisreen A AlwanSchool of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-4134-8463
Alexa WrightSchool of Humanities, University of Westminster, London.
Ashish ChaudhryFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, and patient advisor.
Sophie ClarkNIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, and School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton.
Rebecca BandNIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, and School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0001-5403-1708
Carolyn A Chew-GrahamSchool of Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme.ORCID 0000-0002-9722-9981

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPeople from ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, less likely to access primary health care, and have reported dissatisfaction with health care. Although the prevalence of long COVID in ethnic minority groups is unclear, such populations are underrepresented in long-COVID specialist clinics and long-COVID lived-experience research, which informed the original long-COVID healthcare guidelines.

aimTo understand the lived experiences of long COVID in people from ethnic minority groups. DESIGN AND

settingQualitative study of people living with long COVID in the UK.

methodSemi-structured interviews with people who self-disclosed long COVID were conducted between June 2022 and June 2023 via telephone or video call. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted. People who were living with long COVID, or caring for someone with long COVID, advised on all stages of the research.

resultsInterviews were conducted with 31 participants representing diverse socioeconomic demographics. Help-seeking barriers included little awareness of long COVID or available support, and not feeling worthy of receiving care. Negative healthcare encounters were reported in primary health care; however, these services were crucial for accessing secondary or specialist care. There were further access difficulties and dissatisfaction with specialist care. Experiences of stigma and discrimination contributed to delays in seeking care and unsatisfactory experiences, resulting in feelings of mistrust in health care.

conclusionEmpathy, validation of experiences, and fairness in recognition and support of healthcare needs are required to restore trust in health care and improve the experiences of people with long COVID.

Indexed as

COVID-19Ethnic and Racial MinoritiesQualitative ResearchAdultAgedFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedPatient Acceptance of Health CarePost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromePrimary Health CareSocial StigmaUnited Kingdomethnic minoritieslong COVIDprimary health care

Identifiers

PMID38806207
PMCPMC11497153

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.