ReviewSeminars in liver disease2024
Overcoming Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Liver Cancer with Combination Therapy: Stronger Together?
Review in Seminars in liver disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Review
- Quantification of overall tumor burden using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging improves response assessment in orthotopic murine hepatocellular carcinoma models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- TERT rs10069690 variant is linked to reduced cholangiocarcinoma incidence but adverse prognosis in patients undergoing resection.eGastroenterology · 2026Article
- The Role of Galectin-3 in Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironmental Mechanisms Driving Immunotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of natural triterpenoids in liver cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Chronic Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Progression: From Steatosis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Impacts Long-Term Outcomes After Curative-Intent Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Spatial‒temporal heterogeneities of liver cancer and the discovery of the invasive zone.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, represented mainly by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), is one of the most common and deadliest tumors worldwide. While surgical resection or liver transplantation are the best option in early disease stages, these tumors often present in advanced stages and systemic treatment is required to improve survival time. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has had a positive impact especially on the treatment of advanced cancers, thereby establishing immunotherapy as part of first-line treatment in HCC and CCA. Nevertheless, low response rates reflect on the usually cold or immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment of primary liver cancer. In this review, we aim to summarize mechanisms of resistance leading to tumor immune escape with a special focus on the composition of tumor microenvironment in both HCC and CCA, also reflecting on recent important developments in ICI combination therapy. Furthermore, we discuss how combination of ICIs with established primary liver cancer treatments (e.g. multikinase inhibitors and chemotherapy) as well as more complex combinations with state-of-the-art therapeutic concepts may reshape the tumor microenvironment, leading to higher response rates and long-lasting antitumor immunity for primary liver cancer patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.