ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2024
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Eastern Bhutan.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in cattle: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of tuberculosis in bovines in Pakistan during 2000-2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Pooled it
- Bovine Tuberculosis in a Rural Greek Area: Within-Herd Prevalence and Risk Factors in 30 Tuberculosis Skin Test-Positive Herds.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dairy farmers have minimal knowledge of bovine tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study in Bhutan.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic zoonotic disease affecting cattle of all age groups including wild animals. It poses a significant threat to public health and high economic losses to dairy farmers. While the disease has been eradicated from most of the developed countries through extensive surveillance, testing and culling strategy, it is endemic in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East countries. Currently, there is limited research regarding the prevalence of bTB in cattle in Bhutan. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of bTB in cattle in six districts of eastern Bhutan. A two-stage probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling strategy was used to determine the number of animals from which serum samples needed to be collected in each district and sub-district. All farms and cattle for sampling were randomly selected from the data in the annual livestock census of 2020. The samples were tested using bTB ELISA test kit. The seroprevalence and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the influence of various individual animal and environmental risk factors (breed, age, sex, source of animal, body condition scores of animals, respiratory system status) associated with sero-positivity in animals. The study revealed an apparent seroprevalence of 2.57% (25/971 cattle; 95% CI:1.58-3.57), with an estimated true seroprevalence of 0.91% (95% CI: 0.0-2.81). However, none of the variables were found to be significantly associated with bTB seroprevalence in cattle. We recommend, further sampling and employment of confirmatory testing to fully ascertain the extent of bTB in the cattle herds in eastern Bhutan for prevention and control.
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