ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
Serum NfL and GFAP as biomarkers of progressive neurodegeneration in TBI.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fluid Biomarkers of Cognitive Impairments Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The utility of brain biomarkers in predicting survival and neurological outcomes in pediatric patients after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Binge Drinking and Alcohol Withdrawal on Serum Neurofilament Levels.Addiction biology · 2026Trial
- Grey matter volume reduction and its association with brain-enriched blood biomarkers in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Neurofilament Light Protein: A Marker for Injury Severity, Clinical Course, and Outcome Following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- HSV-1 reactivation as an emergent property of neuronal stress: implications for traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Continuum of Irreversible and Potentially Reversible Traumatic Brain Injury Sequelae: Axonal Injury and Hydrocephalus.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2026Review
- Proteomic blood-based biomarkers of brain damage in traumatic brain injury: are they suitable surrogate endpoints for cerebral pressure autoregulatory-guided therapy?Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Neurofilament Light Reference Intervals in Healthy Individuals.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Age-Specific Clinical Biomarker Ranges in Acute Head Injury, Non-TBI Trauma, and Healthy Control Subjects in the Emergency Department.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- NfL and GFAP quantification and associations with mental health in recreational cannabis users-Results from the Swiss study on recreational cannabis access via pharmacies.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Astroglial and Neuronal Injury Markers (GFAP, UCHL-1, NfL, Tau, S100B) as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in PTSD and Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biomarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease: recent advances and future.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Expression differences and diagnostic efficacy of core plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, cerebral small vessel disease and healthy adults.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Effects of acute biperiden treatment following traumatic brain injury in male rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between plasma and MRI biomarkers in dementia with lewy bodies.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Cognitive Implications of White Matter Alterations in Overweight Chinese Individuals: An NODDI and DTI Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- CSF and blood neuronal injury biomarkers in spinal bulbar muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Proteomics reveals molecular subtypes in traumatic brain injury patients: new perspectives for precision treatment strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Discovery of KDM5D as a novel biomarker for traumatic brain injury identified through bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe examined spatial patterns of brain atrophy after mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the relationship between progression of brain atrophy with initial traumatic axonal injury (TAI), cognitive outcome, and with serum biomarkers of brain injury.
methodsA total of 143 patients with TBI and 43 controls were studied cross-sectionally and longitudinally up to 5 years with multiple assessments, which included brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive testing, and serum biomarkers.
resultsTBI patients showed progressive volume loss regardless of injury severity over several years, and TAI was independently associated with accelerated brain atrophy. Cognitive performance improved over time. Higher baseline serum neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were associated with greater rate of brain atrophy over 5 years. DISCUSSSION: Spatial patterns of atrophy differ by injury severity and TAI is associated with the progression of brain atrophy. Serum NfL and GFAP show promise as non-invasive prognostic biomarkers of progressive neurodegeneration in TBI. HIGHLIGHTS: In this longitudinal study of patient with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were assessed with paired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood biomarkers, and cognitive assessments, we found that brain atrophy after TBI is progressive and continues for many years even after a mild head trauma without signs of brain injury on conventional MRI. We found that spatial pattern of brain atrophy differs between mild, moderate, and severe TBI, where in patients with mild TBI , atrophy is mainly seen in the gray matter, while in those with moderate to severe brain injury atrophy is predominantly seen in the subcortical gray matter and whiter matter. Cognitive performance improves over time after a TBI. Serum measures of neurofilament light or glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with progression of brain atrophy after TBI.
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