ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Intratumoral delivery of immunotherapy to treat breast cancer: current development in clinical and preclinical studies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Are hydrogels suitable for delivery of cisplatin to the microenvironment in breast cancer treatment: a meta-analysis.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Pooled it
- CT-guided intratumoral immunotherapy for advanced solid tumors: a prospective clinical study of safety and systemic antitumor effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome-Induced Reprogramming of Tongue Tumor Microenvironment.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Outcomes After Intratumoral Delivery of Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer.Journal of surgical oncology · 2026Observational
- Breast Cancer: Epidemiology, Molecular Classification, Diagnostics and Evolving Treatment Paradigms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Recent advances in dissolving microneedles for breast cancer immunotherapy: local delivery and tumor microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in intratumoral immunotherapy from a neuro-immune-endocrine perspective for breast cancer treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporally controlled delivery of biomacromolecules via injectable hydrogels for precision modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Polylactic- Glycolic Acid Microparticles-Encapsulated Prostaglandin E1 as A Novel Strategy In Triple Negative Breast Cancer.ChemistryOpen · 2025Article
- Neoantigen-Driven Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Emerging Strategies and Clinical Potential.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- An injectable hydrogel enhances intratumoral retention and antitumor efficacy of cytokine immunotherapy in murine triple negative breast tumor models.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Intratumoral Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles and PEG: Time Frame of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Can Be Controlled by Adjusting the Rate of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer on the Rise: Breakthroughs and Beyond.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Review
- Article
- Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 in cancer immunotherapy: function, prognostic biomarker and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Comprehensive single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses to develop an NK cell-derived gene signature for prognostic assessment and precision medicine in breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Unlocking the epigenetic code: new insights into triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer poses one of the largest threats to women's health. Treatment continues to improve for all the subtypes of breast cancer, but some subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancer, still present a significant treatment challenge. Additionally, metastasis and local recurrence are two prevalent problems in breast cancer treatment. A newer type of therapy, immunotherapy, may offer alternatives to traditional treatments for difficult-to-treat subtypes. Immunotherapy engages the host's immune system to eradicate disease, with the potential to induce long-lasting, durable responses. However, systemic immunotherapy is only approved in a limited number of indications, and it benefits only a minority of patients. Furthermore, immune related toxicities following systemic administration of potent immunomodulators limit dosing and, consequently, efficacy. To address these safety considerations and improve treatment efficacy, interest in local delivery at the site of the tumor has increased. Numerous intratumorally delivered immunotherapeutics have been and are being explored clinically and preclinically, including monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapies, viruses, nucleic acids, cytokines, innate immune agonists, and bacteria. This review summarizes the current and past intratumoral immunotherapy clinical landscape in breast cancer as well as current progress that has been made in preclinical studies, with a focus on delivery parameters and considerations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.