Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38802427›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2024

Laser-sound reproduction by pulse amplitude modulation audio streams.

Konstantinos Kaleris, Panagiotis Hatziantoniou, Bjoern Stelzner, Dimosthenis Trimis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Konstantinos KalerisWire Communications Laboratory, Audio and Acoustic Technology Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Rio, Patras, Greece. kkaleris@ac.upatras.gr.
Panagiotis HatziantoniouWire Communications Laboratory, Audio and Acoustic Technology Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Rio, Patras, Greece.
Bjoern StelznerEngler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany. bjoern.stelzner@kit.edu.
Dimosthenis TrimisEngler-Bunte-Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft INST 121384/178-1 FUGG
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recently, the possibility to reproduce complex continuous acoustic signals via pulsed laser-plasma sound sources was demonstrated. This was achieved by optoacoustic transduction of dense laser pulse trains, modulated via single- or multi-bit Sigma-Delta, in the air or on solid targets. In this work, we extend the laser-sound concept to amplitude modulation techniques. Particularly, we demonstrate the possibility of transcoding audio streams directly into acoustic pulse streams by analog pulsed amplitude modulation. For this purpose, an electro-optic modulator is used to achieve pulse-to-pulse amplitude modulation of the laser radiation, similarly to the multi-level Sigma-Delta method. The modulator is directly driven by the analog input stream through an audio interface. The performance of the system is evaluated at a proof-of-principle level for the reproduction of test audio signals such as single tones, double tones and sine sweeps, within a limited frequency range of the audible spectrum. The results are supported by computational simulations of the reproduced acoustic signals using a linear convolution model that takes as input the audio signal and the laser-generated acoustic pulse profile. The study shows that amplitude modulation allows for significant relaxation of the laser repetition rate requirements compared to the Sigma-Delta-based implementation, albeit at the potential cost of increased distortion of the reproduced sound signal. The nature of the distortions is analyzed and a preliminary experimental and computational investigation for their suppression is presented.

Identifiers

PMID38802427
PMCPMC11130162

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.