Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38798072›Full record

ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2024

Seroprevalence of Protective Antibodies Against Influenza and the Reduction of the Influenza Incidence Rate: An Annual Repeated Cross-Sectional Study From 2014 to 2019.

Raquel Guiomar, Susana Pereira da Silva, Inês Costa, Patricia Conde, Paula Cristóvão, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Aida Fernandes, Ana Paula Dias, Ana Rita Couto, Angélica Ramos and 31 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Cross-sectional study on protective antibodies against influenza A virus subtypes and cross-protection against influenza A(H3N2) subclade K, Portugal, August 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Raquel GuiomarNational Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4563-6315
Susana Pereira da SilvaDepartment of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal.
Inês CostaNational Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal.
Patricia CondeNational Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal.
Paula CristóvãoNational Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal.
Ana Paula RodriguesDepartment of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal.
Aida FernandesLaboratório de Saúde Pública Dr.ª Laura Ayres, Faro, Portugal.
Ana Paula DiasCentro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E., Lisbon, Portugal.
Ana Rita CoutoHospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, E. P. E.R., Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
Angélica RamosCentro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E. P. E., Porto, Portugal.
Carina MoitaUnidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, E. P. E., Guarda, Portugal.
Carina RodriguesHospital do Espírito Santo de Évora, E. P. E., Évora, Portugal.
Fátima ValeUnidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, E. P. E., Guarda, Portugal.
Filomena CaldeiraHospital do Espírito Santo de Évora, E. P. E., Évora, Portugal.
Jácome Bruges ArmasHospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, E. P. E.R., Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal.
João Pereira-VazCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, E. P. E., Coimbra, Portugal.
José AlvesHospital Central e Universitário da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
Ludivina FreitasHospital Central e Universitário da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
Luis MartinsInstituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, E.P. E., Lisbon, Portugal.
Luís MilhoLaboratório de Saúde Pública Dr.ª Laura Ayres, Faro, Portugal.
Luisa Mota-VieiraHospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada, E. P. E. R., Ponta Delgada, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-1451-6705
Lurdes LopesCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, E. P. E., Lisbon, Portugal.
Margarida FreitasHospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães, E. P. E., Guimarães, Portugal.
Maria Ana PessanhaCentro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E., Lisbon, Portugal.
Maria CorreiaCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, E. P. E., Coimbra, Portugal.
Maria Helena MarquesCentro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, E. P. E., Porto, Portugal.
Maria João CardosoCentro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E. P. E., Porto, Portugal.
Maria João PeresCentro Hospitalar de Setúbal, E. P. E., Setúbal, Portugal.
Mário CunhaInstituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, E.P. E., Lisbon, Portugal.
Patricia AmanteguiCentro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, E. P. E., Covilhã, Portugal.
Paula MotaHospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães, E. P. E., Guimarães, Portugal.
Paulo LopesCentro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E. P. E., Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
Paulo PereiraCentro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, E. P. E., Porto, Portugal.
Regina ViseuCentro Hospitalar de Setúbal, E. P. E., Setúbal, Portugal.
Rita CabralHospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada, E. P. E. R., Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
Rita Côrte-RealCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, E. P. E., Lisbon, Portugal.
Sofia AlmeidaCentro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, E. P. E., Covilhã, Portugal.
Vânia SoaresCentro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E. P. E., Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
Kamal MansinhoCentro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E., Lisbon, Portugal.
Olav HungnesNorwegian National Influenza Centre, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Baltazar NunesDepartment of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP, Lisbon, Portugal.

Funding

National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeroepidemiological studies provide estimates of population-level immunity, prevalence/incidence of infections, and evaluation of vaccination programs. We assessed the seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza and evaluated the correlation of seroprevalence with the cumulative annual influenza incidence rate.

methodsWe conducted an annual repeated cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey, during June-August, from 2014 to 2019, in Portugal. A total of 4326 sera from all age groups, sex, and regions was tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Seroprevalence and geometric mean titers (GMT) of protective antibodies against influenza were assessed by age group, sex, and vaccine status (65+ years old). The association between summer annual seroprevalence and the difference of influenza incidence rates between one season and the previous one was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient (r).

resultsSignificant differences in seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza were observed in the population. Higher seroprevalence and GMT for A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were observed in children (5-14); influenza B seroprevalence in adults 65+ was 1.6-4.4 times than in children (0-4). Vaccinated participants (65+) showed significant higher seroprevalence/GMT for influenza. A strong negative and significant correlation was found between seroprevalence and ILI incidence rate for A(H1N1)pdm09 in children between 5 and 14 (r = -0.84; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.07); a weak negative correlation was observed for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata (r ≤ -0.1).

conclusionsThe study provides new insight into the anti-influenza antibodies seroprevalence measured in summer on the ILI incidence rate in the next season and the need for adjusted preventive health care measures to prevent influenza infection and transmission.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralInfluenza, HumanAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHemagglutination Inhibition TestsHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, NewbornInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeAntibodies, ViralInfluenza VaccinesantibodiesILI incidence rateinfluenzaseroprevalence

Identifiers

PMID38798072
PMCPMC11128746

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.