ArticleOdontology2025
Effects of pre-heating on physical-mechanical-chemical properties of contemporary resin composites.
Article in Odontology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
- Effect of Beverages on the Surface Roughness and Staining of Modified Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Materials.Polymers · 2026Article
- Effect of preheating on flexural strength, flexural modulus and microhardness of single-shade universal resin composites.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Material-Dependent Microhardness Response to Preheating in Nanoparticulate Composite Resins Cured with High-Intensity Light.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Effect of Caps Warmer and VisCalor Dispenser preheating on the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites after coffee immersion: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This research assessed the effects of pre-heating on the physical-mechanical-chemical properties of different resin composites. For this, resin composites were evaluated in 6 levels: Admira/ADM, Vitra/VIT, Filtek Supreme/FS, Filtek Supreme Flowable/FSF, Filtek One/FO, and Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable/FBF; temperature was evaluated in 4 levels using a composite heater: room temperature/22 ºC, 37 ºC, 54 ºC, and 68 ºC. Response variables were: degree of conversion/DC, flexural strength/FS and color stability/ΔE (immediately after light curing/LC, after 7 days of dark-dry-storage, and after 24 h and 3 days of artificial aging in water at 60 ºC). Data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA (DC and FR) and 3-way repeated measurements ANOVA (ΔE), all followed by Tukey's test (α = 5%). DC were similar (FBF, FS, and FSF) or increased (ADM, FO, and VIT) as the temperature increased. Results of FR were unchanged or increased for all composites except VIT and ADM. High-viscosity composites (VIT and FS) showed higher FR values than low-viscosity composite (FSF). For bulk-fill composites, FBF and FO showed similar results, but lower than high-viscosity composites. Results of color stability showed acceptable values up to 3 days aging except for ADM and FSF. ΔE was not influenced by pre-heating and, overall, ΔE: FS < VIT < FO < FSF < ADM < FBF. Only VIT and FS showed ΔE ≤ 3.3 (clinical threshold). Therefore, the effects of pre-heating depend on the material. The tested materials generally showed similar or enhanced properties after pre-heating (except ADM and VIT).
Indexed as
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38797796What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.