Observational studyActa diabetologica2024
Structural and functional characterization of retinal impairment in T1DM patients without diabetic retinopathy: a 3-year longitudinal study.
Observational study in Acta diabetologica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomarkers of Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy Detected by OCT Angiography-A Descriptive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- OCT Angiography of Chorioretinal Microvasculature in Children with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes without Retinopathy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Associations between retinal microvasculature and cognition in middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes without overt neurological symptoms.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2026Article
- Retinal Vascular Density and Thickness in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes Without Visible Vascular Signs of Retinopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo analyze the progression of structural and functional retinal impairment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) during a 3-year follow-up.
methodsThis was an observational longitudinal study. Post-pediatric T1DM patients without clinical signs of DR, and sex- and age-matched healthy subjects were recruited at San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy). Each patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography (OCT-A), retinal static and dynamic vessel analysis (DVA), and microperimetry.
results21 eyes of 21 T1DM patients (10 females; 24 ± 2 years old), and 21 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. At baseline, T1DM eyes revealed a significantly decreased vessel length density using OCT-A (p < 0.001 and p = 0.046 in 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm images) and a significantly increased vessel density index (p = 0.013 and p = 0.087 in 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm images) of deep capillary plexus. DVA detected a significantly decreased vessel response to flicker light (p = 0.002). A significantly increased thickness of ganglion cellular layer 6-mm-diameter subfields in inferior and superior quadrants was found in diabetic patients (p < 0.001 in both subfields). At 3-years-follow-up no significant longitudinal changes were disclosed in all analyses.
conclusionsConcomitant subclinical microvascular and neurodegenerative damages could be early signs of DR onset that precede functional alterations and clinical signs of DR development. These alterations demonstrated a stable trend over time.
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Registered trials
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