ArticleVaccine2024
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccination in 9 U.S. jurisdictions.
Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the 2025-2026 Measles Outbreak in Mexico: Jalisco as the Emerging Epicenter and the Impact of Intensive Immunization Efforts.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood vaccination coverage in Quebec, Canada: A cohort study from the Canadian immunization research network.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Lyme disease vaccine acceptability among healthcare providers - United States, 2018 and 2022.Vaccine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Completion of Select Routine Childhood Vaccinations.Pediatrics · 2025Article
- Routine vaccination coverage at ages 2 and 7, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the STARVAX surveillance system.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Effect of Early Administration of Clarithromycin or Azithromycin on Symptoms of Pertussis in Infants.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Insufficient immune protection in preterm infants due to delayed or incomplete hexavalent vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Decline in Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months and Vaccination Inequities Among Children Born in 2020 and 2021 - National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2021-2023.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2024Article
- Effects of religious and cultural beliefs on vaccine attitudes in a Hispanic immigrant population in the United States.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Monitoring Vaccine Safety: United States Vaccine Safety Surveillance Systems.Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & PractitionersArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
importanceRoutine vaccinations are key to prevent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, there have been documented declines in routine childhood vaccinations in the U.S. and worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.
objectiveAssess how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted routine childhood vaccinations by evaluating vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccinations for children born in 2016-2021.
methodsData on routine childhood vaccinations reported to CDC by nine U.S. jurisdictions via the immunization information systems (IISs) by December 31, 2022, were available for analyses. Population size for each age group was obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics' Bridging Population Estimates. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccinations at age three months, five months, seven months, one year, and two years was calculated by vaccine type and overall, for 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series (≥4 doses DTaP, ≥3 doses Polio, ≥1 dose MMR, ≥3 doses Hib, ≥3 doses Hepatitis B, ≥1 dose Varicella, and ≥ 4 doses pneumococcal conjugate), for each birth cohort year and by jurisdiction.
resultsOverall, there was a 10.4 percentage point decrease in the 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series in those children born in 2020 compared to those children born in 2016. As of December 31, 2022, 71.0% and 71.3% of children born in 2016 and 2017, respectively, were up to date on their routine childhood vaccinations by two years of age compared to 69.1%, 64.7% and 60.6% for children born in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The decline in vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccines is concerning. In order to protect population health, strategic efforts are needed by health care providers, schools, parents, as well as state, local, and federal governments to work together to address these declines in vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases by maintaining high levels of population immunity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.