Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38795137›Full record

Trial reportArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2024

Virtual reality treatment could reduce anxiety for women undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Yang Xu, Yunfeng Shou, Yilu Li, Daili Chen, Yajie Wen, Xiaolei Huang, Yuantao Li

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Extended reality in anesthesia: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yang Xu *Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Yunfeng Shou *Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Yilu LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Daili ChenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Yajie WenDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Xiaolei HuangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
Yuantao LiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China. szmchlyt@smu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-8763

Funding

Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital Science Foundation FYB2022006Shenzhen Science and Technology Program KCXFZ20230731094001003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCesarean section may result in adverse psychosocial and behavioral outcomes because women put considerable emphasis on the process of birth. Virtual reality treatment has been shown by many studies to reduce anxiety and improve patient satisfaction. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether the application of virtual reality technology during cesarean section can reduce maternal anxiety and improve satisfaction.

methodsWe recruited 128 women undergoing elective cesarean delivery with proposed spinal anesthesia and randomly assigned them to either virtual reality or routine care. The virtual reality intervention was a virtual reality program tailored specifically for women undergoing cesarean section. Primary outcome was the change in anxiety score (change = preoperative-intraoperative score). Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction score, requirement of intraoperative sedative and analgesic drugs, and respiratory rate.

resultsThe change in anxiety score in the virtual reality group was significantly higher than that in the routine care group (30 [20, 47.5] vs 10 [- 10, 23.8], respectively; P < 0.001, with Hodges-Lehmann median difference estimate of 20 (95% confidence interval CI, 15-30)). There were no significant differences between the two groups in patient satisfaction scores, the requirement of intraoperative sedative and analgesic drugs, and respiratory rate and side effects.

conclusionVirtual reality treatment could reduce the anxiety of women undergoing elective cesarean section, which is beneficial to the mother and baby. Trial registration This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061936) on July 11, 2022, and can be reached at https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=173329.

Indexed as

Anesthesia, SpinalAnxietyCesarean SectionPatient SatisfactionAdultAnesthesia, ObstetricalFemaleHumansPregnancyVirtual RealityVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyAnxietyCesarean sectionSpinal anesthesiaVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID38795137

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.