SynthesisNutrients2024
Associations between Vegetable Nitrate Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of 15 common dietary factors with tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Inter-individual differences in the blood pressure lowering effects of dietary nitrate: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled replicate crossover trial.European journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- Review
- Socio-Demographic Variation in Adherence to the Eatwell Guide Within the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Article
- Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Global burden and trends of cardiovascular disease attributable to low vegetable intake: a global burden of disease 1990-2021 analysis and projection to 2035.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Nitrogen Management in Crop-Soil-Environment Systems: Pathways Toward Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Agriculture.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dietary Sources of Nitrate and Nitrite and Associations with Blood Pressure and Other Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Representative United Kingdom Population.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Metagenomic analysis of tongue samples from healthy subjects identifies distinct microbiome orotypes.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Sodium nitrite promotes atherosclerosis via IL-1β: Network toxicology and machine learning insights.PloS one · 2026Article
- The association between vegetable-derived nitrate and nitrite intake, cardiovascular risk factors and glycemic markers in obese individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Veggies4myHeart digital game: an educational tool to promote vegetable consumption in preschool children - a multicentre experimental study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Salivary-Gland-Mediated Nitrate Recirculation as a Modulator for Cardiovascular Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables increases nitric oxide bioavailability, lowers blood pressure, and improves endothelial function. These effects could also translate into reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. This systematic review aimed to investigate the associations between habitual vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence and mortality. A secondary aim was to identify factors that moderate the relationship between vegetable nitrate intake and CVD incidence/mortality. Seven databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and APA PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 13 February 2023. Observational studies quantifying vegetable nitrate intake in participants aged 18+ years through self-reported dietary exposure and assessing incidence or mortality from CVD overall, or individual CVD subtypes, were eligible. Five studies including a total of 63,155 participants were included. There was an inverse association between vegetable nitrate intake and most reported CVD outcomes. Reported risk reductions tended to plateau at moderate intake, suggesting a possible ceiling effect. The risk of bias across all studies was low. The results of this systematic review suggest a potential role for vegetable nitrate in reducing CVD risk and mortality. Further randomised controlled trials are now required to corroborate these findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.