Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38794732›Full record

Observational studyNutrients2024

Baby Food Pouches, Baby-Led Weaning, and Iron Status in New Zealand Infants: An Observational Study.

Neve H McLean, Jillian J Haszard, Lisa Daniels, Rachael W Taylor, Benjamin J Wheeler, Cathryn A Conlon, Kathryn L Beck, Pamela R von Hurst, Lisa A Te Morenga, Jenny McArthur and 12 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Nutrients, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Neve H McLeanDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Jillian J HaszardBiostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-6312-7795
Lisa DanielsDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-0370-9424
Rachael W TaylorDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Benjamin J WheelerDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-3348-5238
Cathryn A ConlonSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-3642-1619
Kathryn L BeckSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
Pamela R von HurstSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-6326-7501
Lisa A Te MorengaResearch Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-3526-0091
Jenny McArthurDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Rebecca PaulSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
Ioanna KatiforisDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-1268-2670
Kimberley J BrownSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
Madeline C GashDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Madeleine M RowanDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-9946-0063
Maria CasaleSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
Alice M CoxDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Emily A JonesSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-5977-4332
Rosario M JupiterwalaSchool of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.ORCID 0009-0009-2550-4073
Bailey BrucknerDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Liz FlemingDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
Anne-Louise M HeathDepartment of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0003-2856-0782

Funding

Health Research Council of New Zealand 19/172
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Iron deficiency in infants can impact development, and there are concerns that the use of baby food pouches and baby-led weaning may impair iron status. First Foods New Zealand (FFNZ) was an observational study of 625 New Zealand infants aged 6.9 to 10.1 months. Feeding methods were defined based on parental reports of infant feeding at "around 6 months of age": "frequent" baby food pouch use (five+ times per week) and "full baby-led weaning" (the infant primarily self-feeds). Iron status was assessed using a venepuncture blood sample. The estimated prevalence of suboptimal iron status was 23%, but neither feeding method significantly predicted body iron concentrations nor the odds of iron sufficiency after controlling for potential confounding factors including infant formula intake. Adjusted ORs for iron sufficiency were 1.50 (95% CI: 0.67-3.39) for frequent pouch users compared to non-pouch users and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.45-1.87) for baby-led weaning compared to traditional spoon-feeding. Contrary to concerns, there was no evidence that baby food pouch use or baby-led weaning, as currently practiced in New Zealand, were associated with poorer iron status in this age group. However, notable levels of suboptimal iron status, regardless of the feeding method, emphasise the ongoing need for paying attention to infant iron nutrition.

Indexed as

IronNutritional StatusWeaningAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyFemaleHumansInfantInfant FoodInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaIron DeficienciesMaleNew ZealandIronbaby food pouchesbaby-led weaningcomplementary feedinginfantsiron statusNew Zealand

Identifiers

PMID38794732
PMCPMC11124519

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.