ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Unveiling the Role of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase in the Angiogenic Process.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tryptophan metabolism in psoriasis and its complications: Future opportunities.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in cardiovascular diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Tryptophan metabolism: From physiological functions to key roles and therapeutic targets in cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2025Review
- Role of Kynurenine and Its Derivatives in Liver Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Clinical Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are the two principals enzymes involved in the catabolization of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn). Despite their well-established role in the immune escape, their involvement in angiogenesis remains uncertain. We aimed to characterize TDO and IDO1 in human umbilical venular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs).
methodsqRT-PCR and immunofluorescence were used for TDO and IDO1 expression while their activity was measured using ELISA assays. Cell proliferation was examined via MTT tests and in in vitro angiogenesis by capillary morphogenesis.
resultsHUVECs and ECFCs expressed TDO and IDO1. Treatment with the selective TDO inhibitor 680C91 significantly impaired HUVEC proliferation and 3D-tube formation in response to VEGF-A, while IDO1 inhibition showed no effect. VEGF-induced mTor phosphorylation and Kyn production were hindered by 680C91. ECFC morphogenesis was also inhibited by 680C91. Co-culturing HUVECs with A375 induced TDO up-regulation in both cell types, whose inhibition reduced MMP9 activity and prevented c-Myc and E2f1 upregulation.
conclusionsHUVECs and ECFCs express the key enzymes of the kynurenine pathway. Significantly, TDO emerges as a pivotal player in in vitro proliferation and capillary morphogenesis, suggesting a potential pathophysiological role in angiogenesis beyond its well-known immunomodulatory effects.
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