ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Immunomodulatory Precision: A Narrative Review Exploring the Critical Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Role of Troponins in CardioOncology.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Creatine Supplementation in Preclinical Models Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Development and validation of manganese metabolism-related genes prognostic model in colorectal cancer and its immunological characteristics.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Targeting the Neuro-Immune Axis in Next-Generation Oncology: Discovery and Validation of βOncology research · 2026Review
- Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy as a Potential Treatment Option for Lung Cancer: A Perspective Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Cohort Study of Physical Activity and Survival in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- ACPA prevents lung fibroblast-to-CAF transformation by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment through NSCLC-derived exosomes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Technological Advances in Anti-hair Loss and Hair Regrowth Cosmeceuticals: Mechanistic Breakthroughs and Industrial Prospects Driven by Multidisciplinary Collaborative Innovation.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Review
- Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) in Urological Cancers: A New Modern Era, but Not Generally Applied.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advancing the potential of nanoparticles for cancer detection and precision therapeutics.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- The Role of NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Evasion Strategies, and Therapeutic Advances.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- PD-L1 blockade peptide-functionalized NaGdFRSC advances · 2025Article
- Recent advances in craniopharyngioma pathophysiology and emerging therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Current landscape of T-cell engagers in early-phase clinical development in solid cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Baseline AHR expression shapes immune response to pharmacological modulation in PBMCs from pancreatic cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PD‑1/CTLA‑4/CD28 pathways as key targets of cancer immunotherapy (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An immune checkpoint is a signaling pathway that regulates the recognition of antigens by T-cell receptors (TCRs) during an immune response. These checkpoints play a pivotal role in suppressing excessive immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis against viral or microbial infections. There are several FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and avelumab. These ICIs target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Furthermore, ongoing efforts are focused on developing new ICIs with emerging potential. In comparison to conventional treatments, ICIs offer the advantages of reduced side effects and durable responses. There is growing interest in the potential of combining different ICIs with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the classification, mechanism of action, application, and combination strategies of ICIs in various cancers and discusses their current limitations. Our objective is to contribute to the future development of more effective anticancer drugs targeting immune checkpoints.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.