Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38790194›Full record

ArticleGenes2024

Examining the Effect of Genes on Depression as Mediated by Smoking and Modified by Sex.

Kirsten Voorhies, Julian Hecker, Sanghun Lee, Georg Hahn, Dmitry Prokopenko, Merry-Lynn McDonald, Alexander C Wu, Ann Wu, John E Hokanson, Michael H Cho and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Genes, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Gngt2 promotes inflammatory dendritic cell programming through an ATG5-NF-κB signaling axis in neutrophilic asthma.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kirsten VoorhiesDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Julian HeckerChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Sanghun LeeDivision of Medicine, Department of Medical Consilience, Graduate School, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-0573-9555
Georg HahnBrigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6008-2720
Dmitry ProkopenkoGenetics and Aging Research Unit and the McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1844-5652
Merry-Lynn McDonaldDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
Alexander C WuHarvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Ann WuDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0599-9063
John E HokansonDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Michael H ChoChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Christoph LangeDepartment of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Karin F HothDepartment of Psychiatry and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Sharon M LutzDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Funding

Genetic Epidemiology of COPDU01HL089897 · NHLBI · NATIONAL JEWISH HEALTH · PI CRAPO, JAMES D · 2007 to 2021
$56.9M
Genetic Epidemiology of COPDU01HL089856 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI SILVERMAN, EDWIN K · 2007 to 2021
$20.7M
The role of sex in genetic association studies of depressionR01MH129337 · NIMH · HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE, INC. · PI Sharon Marie Lutz · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL089856NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL089897NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH129337NIMH NIH HHS R01MH129337
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depression is heritable, differs by sex, and has environmental risk factors such as cigarette smoking. However, the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on depression through cigarette smoking and the role of sex is unclear. In order to examine the association of SNPs with depression and smoking in the UK Biobank with replication in the COPDGene study, we used counterfactual-based mediation analysis to test the indirect or mediated effect of SNPs on broad depression through the log of pack-years of cigarette smoking, adjusting for age, sex, current smoking status, and genetic ancestry (via principal components). In secondary analyses, we adjusted for age, sex, current smoking status, genetic ancestry (via principal components), income, education, and living status (urban vs. rural). In addition, we examined sex-stratified mediation models and sex-moderated mediation models. For both analyses, we adjusted for age, current smoking status, and genetic ancestry (via principal components). In the UK Biobank, rs6424532 [

Indexed as

DepressionPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAgedCigarette SmokingFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSex FactorsSmokingUnited Kingdomdepressionmediation analysissex moderationsmoking

Identifiers

PMID38790194
PMCPMC11120779

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.